522 
CAFFRARIA. 
the meat that is in the pot, and eats it in his hand. They 
obtain fire by rubbing one piece of wood of a certain kind 
against another. Some however have tinder boxes, which 
they obtain from the colony. They have no carriages of any 
kind; the women are used instead of carriages, or pack oxen. 
They have no hens, or other domestic fowls, not considering 
eggs to be designed for food — nor have they any cats, pre- 
ferring rather to be overrun with mice. Instead of chairs, 
they sit upon the sculls of their oxen, with the horns still 
united to them. They use salt when it can be obtained, but 
when it cannot, they substitute fresh cow dung, which the 
old Hotteiitots do to this day. They are unacquainted with 
the making of butter or cheese from milk. 
The riches of a Caffre chiefly consists in his cattle, of 
which he is extravagantly fond. He keeps them as carefully 
as the miser does his gold. He never uses them as beasts of 
burden, except when he is removing from one place to ano- 
ther along with his Kraal, and then they carry the milk bags, 
or skin bags which contain milk. He is never more gratified 
than when running before his cattle with his shield, by beat- 
ing on which the whole are taught to gallop after him. In 
this way he leads them out to take exercise, and those oxen 
which run quickest on such occasions, are considered his best ; 
of these he boasts, and treats them with peculiar kindness. 
They chiefly subsist upon milk; but in part also by hunting, 
and by the produce of their gardens. They sow a species of 
millet, which is known in the colony by the name of Cafi*re- 
corn. While growing, it very much resembles Indian corn, 
only the fruit grows in clusters, like the grape ; the grain is 
small and round, and when boiled is very palatable. By 
parching it over a fire, during our journey, we found it a very 
good substitute for coff'ee. The CaflVes frequently bruise it 
between two stones, and make a kind of bread from it. To 
sow it is the w ork of the women. They scatter the seed on 
the grass, after which they push off the grass from the surface 
by means of a kind of w ooden spade, shaped something like 
a spoon at both ends, by w hich operation the seed falls upon 
the ground, and is covered by the grass; from underneath 
which withered and rotten grass, it afterwards springs up. 
They also sow pumpkins, water melons, &c. and use various 
vegetables, which grow wild. They cultivate tobacco, and 
smoke it, like the Matchappees, through water in a horn. 
The men spend their days in idleness, having no employ- 
ment but war, hunting, and milking the cows. The women 
construct the houses^ inclosures for the cattle, utensils, and 
