Woods 13 
there are several fens protected in a 
like manner. 
Woods 
By the term wood is here meant 
a natural or semi-natural association of 
woody and herbaceous plants. These 
are to a great extent threatened 
by cultivation. Particularly, clear 
felling, now resorted to in many 
localities, is destroying not only the 
dominant forest trees, but also the 
associated trees and shrubs, such as 
(to quote but a few instances) Taxus 
baccata, Juniperus communis, Salix 
caprea, S, aurita, Populus tremula, 
Corylus Ave liana, Ulmus montana, 
Prunns Padus, P. spinosa, Pyrns 
communis, P. Malus, P, torminalis, P. 
Aucuparia, Euonymus europaeus, Ilex 
Aquifolium, Rhamnus cathartica, Rh. 
