INTRODUCTION 
The expression ''natural monu- 
ment" or ''monument of nature," 
from the German "Naturdenkmal," is 
new to the EngHsh language, and it 
is necessary, therefore, to explain its 
meaning. First, what is meant by 
the single word "monument" or 
"Denkmal" must be defined. The 
term is usually applied to anything 
established in commemoration : there 
are monuments erected in remem- 
brance of eminent persons, such as 
Darwin, Nelson, Scott, and Shake- 
speare, of brave deeds, and of famous 
incidents. Further, standard works 
of literature and music may be called 
monuments of literature. Ancient 
buildings, such as cathedrals, castles, 
c. 
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