4 
and  the  mechanic  arts  recognized  by  the  Federal  Legislature 
failed,  but  although  the  country  was  soon  plunged  into  a bit- 
ter war,  he  renewed  his  efforts,  believing  as  he  did  that  when 
peace  should  come  the  country  would  respond  as  never  before 
to  the  call  of  these  leading  industries.  In  December,  1861,  he 
introduced  a new  bill  more  far  reaching  than  the  first  one, 
bestowing  30,000  acres  of  land  for  each  member  of  congress 
upon  the  several  States  and  Territories  for  “the  endowment, 
support  and  maintenance  of  at  least  one  college  where  the 
leading  object  shall  be,  without  excluding  other  scientific  and 
classical  studies,  and  including  military  tactics,  to  teach  such 
branches  of  learning  as  are  related  to  agriculture  and  the 
mechanic  arts,  in  such  manner  as  the  legislatures  of  the  States 
may  respectively  prescribe,  in  order  to  promote  the  liberal  and 
practical  education  of  the  industrial  classes  in  the  several  pur- 
suits and  professions  of  life.” 
This  bill  was  passed  and  signed  by  President  Lincoln  on 
July  2,  1862,  the  day  of  McClellan’s  retreat  after  the  battle  of 
Malvern  Hill.  This  is  a remarkable  grant,  coming  at  the  time 
it  did,  the  greatest  ever  made  to  education.  It  was  the  foun- 
dation of  industrial  education  in  America,  and  represented  the 
consummation  of  a notable  change  in  the  systems  of  higher 
learning. 
Thus  was  the  College  of  Hawaii  founded,  on  a broad  and 
liberal  basis  both  as  to  scholarship  courses  of  study  and  the 
democracy  among  its  students.  And  it  is  the  fondest  hope  of 
its  Board  of  Regents,  and  its  faculty  that  it  may  develop  along 
the  lines  so  broadly  laid  out  for  it.  With  the  paragraph  of 
the  Act  of  1862,  just  read,  in  mind,  it  is  pertinent  to  note  sev- 
eral considerations  as  they  bear  on  the  activities  of  the  Col- 
lege. In  the  first  place,  it  is  well  to  remember  that  the  Land 
Grant  Colleges  were  not  endowed  for  the  purpose  of  teaching 
agriculture  alone.  Their  object  was  to  give  an  opportunity 
for  all  young  men  and  women  engaged  in  the  industrial  activi- 
ties to  gain  a knowledge  of  the  practical  sciences  applied  to 
their  respective  industries.  Practically  two-thirds  of  all  our 
people  are  engaged  in  the  three  great  activities  of  Agriculture, 
the  Mechanic  Arts  and  Home  Making,  yet  before  the  estab- 
lishment of  these  colleges  these  citizens  had  no  opportunity  to 
get  scientific  knowledge  in  those  subjects  that  pertained  to 
their  calling.  Furthermore,  it  is  not  necessarily  intended  that 
those  students  studying  agriculture  shall  be  farmers,  or  that 
those  studying  engineering  shall  be  mechanics.  1 he  College 
gives  them  an  opportunity  to  become  so  if  they  wish,  and  to 
advantage,  but  the  main  object  is  to  teach  those  sciences  and 
arts  as  pertain  to  these  broad  activities  to  the  end  that  the 
students  may  become  educated  men  and  women.  In  other 
words,  intellectual  training  is  the  first  consideration  and 
manual  training  second. 
