5 
In  the  second  place  a liberal  education  is  provided  for. 
Classical  studies  were  not  to  be  excluded  from  the  curriculum. 
Experience  in  the  handling  of  tools  and  implements  in  manual 
labor  is  not  to  be  disparaged.  In  their  time  and  place  they 
are  not  to  be  neglected,  but  they  should  not  largely  interfere 
with  the  time  required  for  the  large  amount  of  scientific  and 
literary  culture,  which  go  to  make  up  a liberal  education.  The 
College  therefore,  is  not  merely  a practical  school  of  agri- 
culture and  mechanic  arts,  but  it  fosters  a liberal  education 
as  well. 
Then  again  we  would  note  that  the  College  is  established 
for  the  scientific  and  liberal  education  of  the  industrial  classes 
who  had  not  been  sufficiently  provided  for  in  the  old  estab- 
lished classical  colleges.  These,  as  a general  rule,  were 
patronized  by  the  sons  of  the  wealthy  who  usually  became 
literary  men,  teachers,  preachers,  lawyers,  physicians  or  men 
of  leisure.  There  is  a demand  for  an  education  in  terms  of 
the  common  things  with  which  men  and  women  earn  their 
living  and  the  College  of  Hawaii  is  designed  to  fill  this  gap, 
not  only  in  respect  to  subjects  taught  but  also  in  respect  to 
their  application  to  the  conditions  in  Hawaii. 
These  colleges  established  another  new  principle  in  educa- 
tion in  America,  the  principle  of  free  tuition  in  the  highest 
schools  of  learning.  Liberal  education  is  a necessity  in  a free 
government;  heretofore  only  the  sons  of  the  rich  were  able  to 
get  it.  A government  of  the  people,  for  the  people  and  by  the 
people  can  be  perpetuated  only  by  educating  all  the  people. 
It  is  not  sufficient  that  we  have  in  America  a magnificent  sys- 
tem of  common  schools.  The  highest  education  must  be  with- 
in the  reach  of  all  the  worthy  poor. 
The  College  of  Hawaii,  though  established  by  virtue  of  the 
Land  Grant  Act  of  1862,  as  indicated  above,  yet  it  does  not 
benefit  directly  by  that  Act.  The  provisions  of  the  law  were 
among  other  things  that  30,000  acres  of  land  should  be  set 
aside  for  each  Senator  and  Representative  then  in  Congress, 
and  the  Colleges  were  to  be  established  from  the  proceeds  of 
the  sale  of  these  lands.  Hawaii,  being  a Territory  cannot  have 
this  same  land  grant. 
By  the  year  1890  it  had  become  evident  that  the  proceeds 
from  the  sale  of  these  lands  was  insufficient  for  the  support  of 
the  Colleges  then  established  in  most  of  the  States.  They  had 
outgrown  their  resources.  Senator  Morrill  in  that  year  intro- 
duced a bill  in  Congress  providing  for  an  additional  grant  of 
$25,000  a year  to  each  of  the  Colleges  then  established  and  this 
bill  became  law.  This  was  a great  relief  to  those  colleges 
growing  beyond  their  means  and  a great  boon  to  the  cause  of 
education  in  the  more  thinly  populated  States,  so  they  all  con- 
tinued to  grow  until  in  1907  it  was  found  that  they  were  again 
growing  beyond  their  means.  In  that  year  Senator  Nelson  of 
