27 
LAND  SETTLEMENT. 
It  is  necessary  of  course  to  provide  homes  for  the  native  popu- 
lation; give  them  the  preference,  as  has  been  done  on  the  Main- 
land with  the  North  American  Indians — preference  to  the  ex- 
tent of  land  enough  for  the  support  of  a native  family,  two  or 
three  acres  of  good  land, — and  then  distribute  the  rest  to  desirable 
American  citizens. 
It  should  be  possible  to  secure  for  Hawaii  men  such  as  have 
built  up  Southern  California ; men  of  moderate  means,  men  who 
have  earned  say  ten  thousand  dollars  in  small  business  enter- 
prises in  the  East,  and  who  have  come  out  to  California  to  raise 
something,  not  to  sit  idly.  These  men  have  built  up  the  southern 
end  of  that  State  to  a remarkable  extent.  This  class  of  men  is 
still  coming  West  and  some  will  unquestionably  come  to  these 
islands.  I look  forward  to'  that  small  but  steady  stream  of  immi- 
gration turning  this  way  and  in  view  of  it  I hope  the  Territory 
will  preserve  the  public  lands,  irrigate  them  as  far  as  it  can,  and 
at  the  same  time  ascertain  from  owners  what  private  lands  may 
be  made  available  for  settlement  in  the  same  way.  Hawaii  has 
much  to'  attract  such  a class  of  settlers — once  here  they  would 
be  a potent  faction  in  the  development  of  the  Territory. 
TRANSPORTATION  QUESTION. 
The  question  of  transportation  is  closely  joined  to  that  of  set- 
tlement. Home  building  and  road  building,  wagon  roads,  rail- 
roads, steamship  lines,  all  must  improve  together.  This  class  of 
desirable  citizens  must  have  transportation  facilities  adequate  to 
develop  small  industries  such  as  are  dependent  on  favorable  trans- 
portation rates.  At  present  it  is  said  that  vegetable  and  dairy 
products  can  be  shipped  to  Honolulu  from  California  in  good 
shape  at  rates  that  are  less  than  those  for  which  island  products 
can  be  shipped  to  Honolulu  from  the  other  islands.  If  true,  will 
it  not  be  possible  to  better  this  condition  ? 
The  financial  prosperity  of  the  islands  at  present  largely  rests 
on  a peculiar  basis,  that  is  on  the  duty  on  sugar.  This  is  not  a 
very  firm  foundation  and  the  islands  should  have  something  in 
the  shape  of  other  products  so  that  if  the  tariff  is  disturbed,  things 
would  not  all  go  to  smash  at  one  time! 
There  is  no'  part  of  the  country  that  impresses  me  more  with 
the  necessity  of  conservation  than  Hawaii,  nor  any  part  where 
conservation  should  result  in  more  immediate  benefit.  It  is  a 
great  problem  and  the  quicker  we  begin  work  the  better. 
SPECIALIZATION  NEEDED, 
I have  watched  how  some  men  have  built  up  certain  specialized 
industries,  for  example,  a superior  variety  of  apples.  By  culti- 
vating, studying  the  packing  and  shipping  of  this  apple  they 
have  brought  millions  of  dollars  into  a State.  Or  for  another 
