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ment  land  of  Humuula  and  the  better  portions  of  Kaohe  ran  out 
and  came  to  be  renewed,  provision  was  made  for  the  extension 
of  these  mountain  fences  and  for  their  up-keep  during  the  term 
of  the  new  leases.  At  the  present  time,  with  the  exception  of  a 
stretch  on  the  southwestern  side  of  Mauna  Kea,  across  the  por- 
tion of  Kaohe  known  as  Kaohe  4,  the  mountain  is  wholly  fenced 
off.  It  is  expected  that  this  stretch  also  will  soon  be  leased,  with 
a provision  that  the  fence  be  completed.  Further,  negotiations 
are  now  in  progress  with  the  ranches  abutting  on  Mauna  Kea 
looking  to  a systematic  campaign  for  the  rounding  up  and  cap- 
ture and  extermination  of  the  wild  cattle  on  the  mountain. 
When  the  new  leases  of  Kaohe  were  made  the  waste  land  was 
retained  by  the  Government,  instead  of  being  included  as  formerly 
with  the  productive  areas  below.  This  usage  has  now  become  a 
regular  part  of  the  land  policy  of  the  Territory.  It  is  a step 
toward  putting  all  the  land  to  the  use  for  which  each  tract  is  best 
adapted.  For  it  leaves  the  control  of  land  for  which  there  is  now 
no  use  in  the  hands  of  the  Government  against  the  time  when 
some,  now  unforeseen,  use  may  be  found. 
In  the  case  of  Kaohe  it  is  now  proposed  that  the  land  be  de- 
voted to  the  purpose  of  raising  trees.  The  object  of  this  report 
is  to  state  the  reasons  that  make  this  use  advisable  and  to  show 
how  the  setting  apart  of  the  area  as  a forest  reserve  will  help 
bring  about  the  desired  results. 
The  section  included  in  the  proposed  reserve  may  roughly  be 
described  as  the  upper  slopes  of  Mauna  Kea  above  an  elevation 
of  approximately  7,500  feet.  The  area  is  66,600  acres. 
USE  OF  KAOHE  FOR  FOREST  PURPOSES. 
The  question  of  using  the  land  of  Kaohe  for  wood  and  timber 
production  may  be  considered  under  two  heads — the  existing  and 
the  prospective  forest. 
The  Mamane  Forest. 
Between  the  good  grazing  land  and  the  elevation  of  about  9,000 
feet  , especially  on  the  northern  and  western  slopes  of  Mauna 
Kea,  there  is  a fairly  heavy  stand  of  Mamane  ( Sophora  chryso- 
phylla).  This  forest  is  increasing  through  natural  reproduction. 
The  reason  for  the  rapid  spread  of  Mamane — which  is  a matter 
of  the  last  decade — is  not  clear,  but  the  fact  remains  to  the  ad 
vantage  of  the  Territory.  Mamane  is  a wood  valuable  for  posts. 
Rightly  managed  there  is  likelihood  that  in  time  this  forest  can 
be  made  a source  of  revenue.  One  of  the  reasons  for  the  setting 
apart  of  Kaohe  as  a forest  reserve  is  that  it  will  facilitate  the 
proper  handling  of  this  forest. 
