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Mt.  Haleakala.  It  appears  in  the  Koaie  Gulch  at  the  foot  of 
the  Waihou  Falls,  near  the  southeastern  corner  of  the  govern- 
ment land  of  Makawao,  where  that  land  corners  with  Kalialinui 
and  Makaehu.  It  is  not  far  from  Olinda;  the  elevation  is  about 
3500  feet. 
The  spring  is  situated  at  the  foot  of  the  Waihou  Falls,  in  the 
bed  of  the  stream.  In  recent  years  it  has  been  developed  by 
tunneling  and  very  possibly  the  normal  flow  might  be  further  in- 
creased by  a judicious  extension  of  the  existing  tunnel  shafts. 
But  however  that  may  be,  the  spring  as  it  now  stands  is  a highly 
important  one  that  should  be  protected  and  maintained.  Water 
from  Waihou  Spring  is  now  piped  to  the  lower  portions  of  the 
Haleakala  Ranch  and  used  for  watering  stock. 
From  measurements  taken  by  Mr.  L.  von  Tempsky,  the  flow 
may  be  stated  as  ranging  from  3,000  to  over  72,000  gallons  per 
24  hours.  The  normal  average  flow  is  about  8,000  gallons  per 
24  hours.  The  flow  from  Waihou  Spring  responds  quickly  to 
heavy  precipitation,  which  would  seem  to  indicate  that  it  is  de- 
pendent, at  least  in  part,  on  local  drainage  as  a source  of  supply, 
it  is  with  the  idea  of  protecting  the  immediate  surroundings  of  the 
spring  and  also  of  helping  toward  keeping  up  a regular  flow,  that 
the  reserve  is  created. 
At  present  the  land  recommended  to  be  set  apart  is  open  graz- 
ing land.  It  is  the  intention  to  bring  it  under  a forest  cover 
through  tree  planting.  The  excellent  growth  of  the  Blue  Gum 
trees  at  Olinda  and  of  other  neighboring  groves  started  by  the 
Haleakala  Ranch  Company,  is  evidence  that  such  treatment  is 
practicable.  Just  how  much  effect  the  reforesting  of  this  small 
area  will  have  on  the  flow  of  Waihou  Spring  is  of  course  proble- 
matical, but  by  having  the  area  set  apart  as  a reserve  the  spring 
can  be  better  protected,  and  the  water  from  it  more  systematically 
handled.  This  is  the  more  important  as  the  next  nearest  perma- 
nent source  of  water  to  the  south  are  the  springs  at  Polipoli,  some 
ten  miles  away. 
The  majority  of  the  forest  reserves  in  Hawaii  are  large,  well 
wooded  areas  covering  the  watersheds  of  important  streams.  But 
it  is  also  the  policy  of  the  Government  to  set  apart  the  land  im- 
mediately surrounding  detached  springs  or  water  holes  in  dis- 
tricts where  the  sources  of  water  are  few,  or  where  the  springs 
are  of  special  value.  The  Waiaha  Spring  Forest  Reserve  in 
North  Kona,  Hawaii,  is  such  a locality.  Waihou  Spring  is  de- 
cidedly another  instance.  Held  by  the  Government,  with  the 
land  about  the  spring  managed  as  a forest  reserve,  it  is  reasonable 
to  expect  that  the  water  will  be  of  greater  use  to  the  people  than 
if  the  spring  were  leased  along  with  the  surrounding  land. 
The  land  of  Makawao  is  not  now  under  regular  lease.  The 
Haleakaal  Ranch  Company  is  at  present  using  it  under  a tenantcy 
at  will,  pending  a more  definite  disposition  of  the  tract,  but  this 
can  be  terminated  at  short  notice.  The  proposed  reserve  can  ac- 
cordingly be  set  apart  at  once. 
