297 
had  not  been  observed;  on  the  8th  of  July  puparia  of  Mayetiola 
collected  in  this  latter  locality  and  examined  in  Washington  were 
all  found  parasitised. 
The  same  Prof.  Webster  in  the  same  year  tried  to  combat 
T ox  opt  era  graminum,  in  Kansas,  transporting  there  parasites  of 
the  genus  Lysiphlebus  of  Texas,  but  this  experiment  proved  a 
failure. 
Mr.  Maskew,  technical  agent  of  the  U.  S.  Entomological 
Laboratory  at  Whittier,  Cal.,  told  me  that  in  California  good  re- 
sults had  been  obtained  against  Schizoneura  lanigera  by  collect- 
ing on  the  hills  and  mountains  large  quantities  of  Coccineila  caii- 
fornica  and  Hippodamia  convergens  and  transporting  them  to  the 
apple  orchards  which  were  to  be  defended  against  the  attacks  of 
the  destructive  Aphid. 
III. — Advice  and  Experiments  for  Using  Insect  Parasites  from 
Other  Regions  or  Other  Continents  Against  Insects  Coming  from 
these  same  Regions  or  Continents . 
So  far  we  have  seen  that  the  experiments  and  recommendations'' 
in  the  protection  and  utilization  of  entomophagous  insects  have 
been  with  those  taken  from  one  locality  to  another  of  the  same 
region  without  assurance  that  where  they  were  taken  there  were 
not  in  existence  already,  at  least  in  small  number,  the  same 
entomophagi  or  that  before  long  they  could  not  have  arrived 
there  in  a natural  way.  But  the  entomologists  of  the  United 
States  did  not  confine  themselves  to  these  experiments.  They 
transported  entomophagi  from  the  eastern  to  the  western  states 
and  vice  versa  and  they  also  navigated  the  oceans  to  seek  those 
which  could  be  of  special  use  against  harmful  insects  which  had 
been  introduced  from  across  the  sea. 
Their  example  was  followed  with  the  greatest  enthusiasm  in 
the  Hawaiian  Islands,  in  West  Australia  and  slightly  in  other 
countries. 
According  to  Riley  the  Rev.  C.  J.  S.  Behtume  in  Canada  was 
probably  the  first  entomologist  to  suggest  the  importation  of  the 
European  parasites  of  Diplosis  tritici  to  North  America,  supposing 
that  they  could  have  fought  Diplosis  in  America  as  well  as  in 
Europe,  but  the  importation  of  these  parasites  was  never  carried 
out. 
In  1873  when  all  Europe  and  specially  France  sought  for  better 
means  to  destroy  the  phylloxera  they  thought  also  of  the  enemies 
it  might  have  in  North  America,  and  since  Riley  had  just  de- 
scribed a Tyroglyphns  phylloxerae  which  seemed  active  against 
these  insects,  he  sent  in  1873 6 specimens  to  Planchon,  France, 
where  it  became  acclimated  but  without  the  hoped  for  results. 
In  1874  efforts  were  also  made  to  send  from  England  to  New 
Zealand  several  parasites  of  Aphids  which  had  multiplied  in  the 
latter  to  an  alarming  degree,  with  the  result  that  the  11-pointcd 
6 Sixth  Report,  Insects  of  Missouri,  1874,  p.  55. 
