304 
Riley  in  1893  announcing  the  acclimatization  of  Novius  also  in 
Egypt  and  informed  him  that  they  had  already  arrived  three  miles 
from  the  place  where  they  had  been  distributed  originally. 
IMPORTANCE  AND  REASONS  FOR  THE  SUCCESS  OF  THE  INTRODUCTION 
OF  NOVIUS  CARDINALIS. 
The  success  of  the  introduction  of  Novius  as  has  been  seen  has 
been  surprising  in  all  the  regions  where  it  occurred  as  well  in 
California  as  in  Florida  and  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  Cape  Colony, 
Portugal,  Italy,  Syria,  Egypt,  and  has  saved  many  millions  to 
these  countries  because  without  Novius  cardinalis  the  raising  of 
citrus  fruit  would  have  become  impossible. 
The  reasons  for  this  success  beyond  all  expectation  are  due  to 
three  favorable  circumstances  which  are:  (1)  Novius  can  pro- 
duce in  one  year  double  the  number  of  generations  of  Icerya. 
(2)  Novius  feeds  with  preference  on  eggs  of  Icerya  when  such 
are  available.  (3)  The  absence  of  insect  parasites  which  in 
their  turn  attack  Novius  in  countries  where  it  has  been  imported. 
Such  an  excellent  result  has  as  yet  not  been  repeated  by  any 
other  insect  but  other  good  results  have  already  been  obtained  in 
other  cases  as  will  appear  from  all  the  attempts  I shall  record. 
PARASITES  OF  MAYETIOLA  DESTRUCTOR. 
Riley  in  1891  and  1894  imported  from  England  to  the  United 
States  a Calcidid  ( Entedon  epigonus,  Walker)  parasite  of  Maye- 
tiola  destructor.  In  May,  1905,  Ashmead  found  a male  adult  of  this 
Entedon  near  Cecilton,  Md.,  where  the  specimens  from  England 
had  been  distributed  from  which  it  may  be  considered  as  ac- 
climated in  North  America. 
PARASITE  OF  LECANIUM  OLEAE. 
The  scalebug  named  after  the  olive  Lecnium  oleae  but  which  in 
reality  attacks  many  other  plants,  citrus  among  them,  has  become 
almost  cosmopolitan.  In  the  United  States,  as  in  other  coun- 
tries, where  it  was  not  attacked  by  other  insects  or  by  species  of 
little  activity,  it  caused  severe  damage,  hence,  when  the  success 
of  Novius  created  such  enthusiasm  for  entomophagous  insects, 
the  introduction  to  America  of  species  which  might  attack  effi- 
ciently this  and  other  scalebugs  was  decided  upon. 
This  time  again  the  honor  to  visit  New  Zealand  and  Australia 
for  collecting  and  sending  to  California  entomophagous  insects 
fell  to  Koebele  and  he  knew  how  to  fulfill  this  task  most  laudably. 
Already  during  his  first  voyage  in  1888-1889  Koebele  had  ob- 
served on  the  trees  infested  with  Lecanium  oleae  a predaceous 
larva  of  a Lepidopteron  ( TaXpochares  cocciphaga,  Mevr.)  and  had 
tried  to  introduce  it  to  California,  but  the  specimens  he  collected 
