3°8 
tions,  which  cost  40  to  50  cents  per  tree,  rather  than  await  the 
work  of  predators  and  endophagi,  indigenous  and  imported.  I 
shall  record  the  principal  attempts  and  the  results  obtained. 
Koebele  and  later  Compere  on  all  their  voyages  collected  insect 
enemies  of  Diaspinae  and  sent  them  to  California  and  to  Hawaii. 
To  the  first  named  region  he  has  sent  since  1891-92  the  follow- 
ing Coccinellids : Orchus  chalybeus,  Boisd.,  observed  in  Aus- 
tralia, a good  predator  of  Aonidiella  aurantii  (Mask.),  Plancho- 
nia,  Phaenacaspis  eugeniae  (Mask.),  Eriococcus  sp.  In  Septem- 
ber, 1892,  it  had  already  multiplied  at  Los  Angeles,  California,  to 
to  such  an  extent  that  Koebele  calculated  his  specimens  not  less 
than  5,000.  Afterwards  it  was  distributed  in  many  parts  of 
California,  where  it  lives  at  the  expense  of  the  above  named  scale 
and  also  of  Aonidiella  aurantii  citrina,  Coquil.,  and  some  other 
Diaspinae.  Orcus  Australasiae}  predator  of  Lecnium  and  also  of 
Aspidiotus  perniciosus  as  has  been  observed  near  Alameda  is  not 
common  in  California,  while  Rhizobins  lophantae,  Blaisd.,  ( R . 
toowoombae)  i s aboundant.  Also  this  Coccinellid  was  intro- 
duced in  California  from  Australia  by  Koebele  in  1891  and  has 
greatly  multiplied  splendidly,  so  much  so  as  to  become  common 
and  useful  in  the  destruction  of  the  two  species  of  scalebugs  men- 
tioned and  the  following : Aspidiotus  perniciosus , hederae, 
Lepido spake s citric ola. 
Of  this  Rhizobins  I have  imported  a good  number  of  specimens 
which  have  been  distributed  at  Capri,  Ischia,  Portici,  Palermo, 
Lonato  (Brescia). 
Rhizobins  debilis,  Blackb.,  has  become  acclimated  in  California 
and  pretty  well  spread  preying  on  Lecanium  oleae,  Aspidiotus 
perniciosus. 
Rhizobins  satellus,  Blackb.,  has  been  sent  to  California  in  large 
quantity  but  seems  not  to  have  become  acclimated,  the  same  may 
be  said  of  Rhizobins  speculifer,  Blackb.,  R.  aurantii,  Blackb.,  R. 
hirtellus,  Blackb.,  Lipernes  subviridis,  Blackb.,  Serangiurn 
hirtuosum,  Blackb.,  S.  maculigeruiib,  Blackb.,  Trithionyx  lanosus, 
Blackb.,  Scymnus  damfrons,  Blackb.,  S.  Sydney ensis,  Blackb.,  S. 
whitt onensis,  Blackb.,  L.  Queenslandicus,  Blackb.,  S.  australa- 
siae,  Blackb.,  and  also  a larva  of  Tineide. 
In  the  Hawaiian  Islands  Koebele  introduced  for  the  fight 
against  Diaspinae  the  two  species  of  Orcus  mentioned,  of  which 
Orcus  chaiyboeus  is  sufficiently  common  on  citrus  trees,  as  I have 
had  occasion  to  see,  Rhizobins  lophantae  which  often  develops  in 
good  numbers  at  the  expense  of  Phenaedspis  eugeniae  (Mask.) 
and  later  on  (1896)  from  China  Chilocorus  circumdatus,  Schon., 
and  Platynaspis  ( Pentilia ) nigra , Weis.,  which  attack  specially 
Lepidosaphes  citricola,  besides  some  other  Diaspine. 
Many  other  cocinellidae  to  fight  Diaspine  have  been  sent  to 
Hawaii  from  Australia  and  China,  but  they  have  not  become  ac- 
climated and  have  not  yet  been  observed.  From  the  first  named 
country  Serangiurn  macutigerum  has  become  acclimated  with  cer- 
