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tainty,  as  I have  been  told  by  Dr.  Perkins,  who  observed  it  in  a 
mountainous  country  but  without  having  had  occasion  to  ascer- 
tain its  victims. 
The  same  Koebele,  very  likely,  but  Craw  with  certainty,  intro- 
duced (1905)  from  Japan  also  Chilocorus  similis,  Rossi.  He 
raised  it  in  a cage,  but  nobody  seems  to  have  observed  it  recently 
at  liberty. 
Also  many  Hymenoptera  endophagi  of  Diaspini  have  been  in- 
troduced in  Hawaii  by  Koebele  from  Australia  and  China,  but 
reliable  data  about  them  are  up  to  date  not  available. 
In  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  where  the  result  of  such  introduction 
can  be  much  easier  noticed  than  in  California,  it  may  be  said  that 
the  Diaspinae  are  attacked  by  all  the  predators  and  endophagi  in 
such  a manner  that  citrus  and  other  plants  are  generally  only  to  a 
small  degree  infested  by  them.  But  in  some  localities  1 saw 
trunks  of  citrus  trees  almost  completely  covered  by  Lephidosaphes , 
though  larvae  and  adults  of  Chilocorus  circumdatus  were  already 
preying  upon  them.  I also  saw  in  abundance  Phenacaspis 
eugeniae  on  Nerium  oleander  and  without  predatory  or  endo- 
phagous  insects.* 
It  must  be  recognied,  however,  that  if  the  result  of  fighting 
Diaspinae  has  not  been  the  best  even  in  the  Hawaiian  Islands  since 
trees  which  are  badly  infected  by  them  are  still  to  be  seen,  never- 
theless it  is  pretty  good,  as  most  the  time  there  is  no  absolute 
necessity  for  fighting  artificially  any  species  of  these  scalebugs, 
which  number  about  thirty  or  more. 
In  West  Australia  Compere  has  introduced  from  China  Hymen- 
opterous  parasites  of  Aonidiella 1 aurantii  and  Lepidosaphes  citri- 
colai  and  has  succeeded  to  acclimatize  them  there.  I do  not  know 
whether  the  North  American  Chio corns  bivulnerus  which  he  in- 
troduced in  Australia  to  fight  the  Diaspinae  there  is  acclimated. 
In  regard  to  Diaspinae  I will  give  further  particulars  on  the 
attempt  of  natural  control  made  by  the  Division  of  Entomology 
of  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture,  against  Aspidio- 
tus  periciosus  and  the  one  initiated  in  our  country  against  Diaspis 
pentagona,  Targ. 
Aspidiotus  perniciosus  is  a scalebug  considered  rightly  in  North 
America  as  the  one  most  to  be  feared,  being  able  to  kill  fruit  trees 
in  two  or  three  years  if  not  efficiently  fought. 
This  pest  made  its  appearance  in  California  (San  Jose)  about 
1870  and  has  now  spread  over  almost  all  the  states,  where  it  at- 
tacks considerably  more  than  seventy  species  of  plants  and  almost 
as  many  more  accidentally,  which  is  explained  by  its  easy  propa- 
gation. 
The  North  American  entomologists  always  hoped  to  find  in 
entomophagous  insects  the  most  efficacious  means  of  control. 
* Both  Aphebnus  and  Chilocorus  circumdatus  I observed  attacking  this 
Diaspine. — J.  K. 
