324 
The  result  of  this  voyage  was  not  very  encouraging;  they  did 
not  find  the  predatory  Stciphylinid  of  Compere  and  obtained  only 
one  Bracomd  ( Opiellus  trimaculatus ) of  another  species  of  fruit 
fly  ( Anastrepha  fratercula) . Besides  from  information  gathered 
by  Lounsbury  it  was  concluded  that  Ceratitis  had  been  introduced 
in  South  America  more  recently  than  in  South  Africa.  The  little 
material  which  Fuller  brought  to  Natal  arrived  dead. 
Compere  returned  from  Australia  to  Spain  to  collect  there  the 
parasites  of  Carpocapsa  for  California.  From  here  he  went  once 
more  to  Brazil  arriving  at  Bahia  February,  1905.  He  collected 
more  fruit  fly  parasites  and  took  them  to  West  Australia  liberat- 
ing them  as  before. 
The  Brazilian  parasites  not  having  furnished  good  proof  of 
their  activity,  contrary  to  the  great  hopes  reposed  in  them,  Com- 
pere returned  in  1906  to  India  to  collect  parasites  of  Dacus,  suc- 
ceeded in  finding  several  and  taking  them  to  Perth,  but  having 
arrived  there  during  the  Australia  winter  they  perished  for  lack 
of  hosts. 
In  May,  1907,  still  confident  in  the  ability  to  acclimatize  the 
Indian  parasites  of  Dacus  in  Australia  to  fight  Ceratitis  he  again 
returned  to  India  and  through  his  perserverance  was  crowned 
by  a success  which  seems  to  promise  good  results. 
In  few  months  he  collected  from  seventy  to  a hundred  thousand 
parasitised  pupae  and,  notwithstanding  the  fact  that  the  journey 
took  ninety  days,  he  succeeded  to  bring  them  to  Perth,  West  Aus- 
tralia, in  good  condition  on  the  7th  of  December. 
On  the  nth  of  the  same  month  the  first  parasite  issued  and 
in  the  days  following  hundreds  and  thousands  of  specimens  came. 
Three  species  of  parasites  came  out  of  the  pupae  and  as  many 
as  thirty-six  specimens  of  one  of  them  were  seen  to  issue  from  one 
pupa,  twenty  on  the  average,  while  of  the  other  two  generally  a 
single  specimen  lodged  in  one  pupa.  On  the  nth  of  December 
fruit  infected  by  Ceratitis  was  placed  in  cages  containing  parasites 
and  on  the  7th  of  January  adults  of  the  parasite  were  obtained 
from  them. 
In  April,  1908,  about  120,000  parasites  had  been  obtained  which 
were  distributed  in  the  regions  most  infected  by  fruit  fly  and 
20,000  were  sent  to  South  Africa. 
In  the  same  month  pupae  of  Ceratitis  taken  from  the  locality 
where  the  parasites  had  been  liberated,  were  examined  and  a cer- 
tain number  was  found  to  be  infected  by  the  Indian  parasite. 
That  much  was  certain,  that  at  least  temporarily  the  parasites  of 
Dacus  of  India  had  been  established  on  Ceratitis  in  Australia. 
It  is  very  likely  that  their  acclimatization  will  be  definite  and  that 
they  will  succeed  in  subduing  Ceratitis.  This  will  be  a great  vic- 
tory, the  most  beautiful  perhaps  obtained  up  to  date,  because  in 
order  to  achieve  it  there  was  necessary  an  exceptionally  perti 
nacious  conviction  of  an  entomologist  and  also  an  exceptionally 
pertinacious  confidence  of  a government  in  its  employe. 
