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stance  also  had  a happy  idea,  namely,  to  go  to  Mexico  study  there 
the  insects  that  live  on  lantana  and  send  them  alive,  without  their 
enemies  to  Hawaii.  Convinced  that  if  the  causes  inimical  to  lan- 
tana prevented  it  in  Mexico  from  overrunning  territory  so  as  to 
become  injurious,  at  least  some  of  the  same  inimical  causes  (the 
insects)  taken  to  Hawaii  without  their  parasites  will  probably 
hinder  much  the  development  of  lantana. 
Koebele  at  once  received  the  necessary  means  and  went  to 
Mexico  in  1902  where  he  collected  many  living  insects  on  various 
parts  of  the  plant  and  sent  them  in  repeated  shipments  to  Hono- 
lulu. There  Dr.  Perkins  took  care  of  the  material  sent  by  Koe- 
bele and  raised  specimens  of  the  various  species.  Of  these  the 
following  are  known  with  certainty  to  have  become  acclimated : 
Agromyza  sp.  (Dipteron),  Pterophorns  sp.,  Lycaenidae , two  spp.„ 
Lithocolletis  sp.  (Lepidoptera)  ; T eleonemia  lantanae  Dist.  (Hem- 
ipteron) . 
The  larva  of  Agromyza  lives  in  the  lantana  seed,  which  is  grad- 
ually destroyed  by  it. 
The  Lantana  fruit  attacked  by  Agromyza  differs  in  appearance 
from  the  unaffected  by  being  smaller,  hard  and  remaining  at- 
tached to  the  stem,  while  the  others  are  soft  on  the  outside  and 
fall  to  the  ground  at  once.  Agromyza  has  multiplied  to  such  an 
extent  that  it  is  now  difficult  to  find  lantana  plants  with  healthy 
seeds. 
Pterophorus  lives  in  the  larval  state  in  the  lantana  flowers, 
which  are  in  appearance  small,  atrophied  and  dark  of  color.  It 
buries  itself  in  the  base  of  the  flower,  which  it  enlarges  a little 
destroying  that  part  which  should  serve  for  the  development  of 
the  seeds.  Also  this  species  and  two  following  ones  are  now  quite 
common. 
The  Lycaenid  species  deposit  their  eggs  on  the  young  blossoms 
of  the  lantana  and  their  larvae  destroy  flowers  and  young  seeds. 
The  four  above  named  species  are  all  given  to  the  destruction 
of  the  flowers  and  seeds  of  lantana  and  thereby  prevent  its  further 
dissemination.  Lithocolletis  on  the  other  hand  bores  galleries  in 
the  leaves  and  Teleconemia  sucks  leaves  and  flowers.  The  latter 
two  insects  defoliate  the  lantana  plant  sevferal  times  during  the 
year  and  to  these  is  added  the  draining  work  of  a scalebug, 
Orthezia  insignis  Dough.,  which  was  not  introduced  by  Koebele, 
the  time  and  manner  of  its  importation  being  unknown. 
The  result  of  the  introduction  of  these  and  other  insects,  in- 
cluding a Dipteron  that  produces  galls  on  the  branches,  has  been 
to  arrest  the  diffusion  of  lantana  in  the  Hawaiian  Islands  and  to 
have  it  now  loaded  with  so  many  enemies  that  they  finally  must 
gain  complete  control,  agriculturally  speaking. 
When  in  September,  1908,  I went  from  Honolulu  to  nearby 
Mount  Tantalus,  I had  occasion  to  see  everywhere  on  the  sides 
of  the  mountain  before  arriving  at  the  native  forest,  more  or 
less  extended  areas  completely  overrun  by  lantana  which  was 
