33i 
acclimated  there  and  multiplied  greatly  under  protection  of  a spe- 
cial law.  To  it  was  attributed  the  cessation  of  the  damage  pre- 
viously caused  by  grasshoppers  and  other  insects. 
In  1867-68  the  attempt  was  made  to  introduce  the  same  species 
in  Algeria  to  fight  grasshoppers  there,  but  on  account  of  the  cold 
winter  A.  tristis  did  not  become  acclimatized  there. 
The  same  bird  was  imported  to  the  Hawaiian  Islands  where  it 
became  acclimated  and  multiplied  greatly  destroying  a certain 
number  of  harmful  insects,  but  eating  also  the  fruit  of  lantana,. 
disseminating  it,  as  I mentioned  before,  with  much  injury  to* 
agriculture. 
Craw  [Kotinsky]  relates  that  in  1905,  when  at  Makawao,  on  the 
island  of  Maui,  he  was  told  by  a farmer,  that  after  the  absence  of 
lantana  seeds  ( after  the  introduction  by  Koebele  of  the  Mexican 
insects)  the  Myna  birds  had  deserted  that  locality,  the  result  of 
which  was  that  the  caterpillar  of  Heliophila  unipuncta  Haw.  be- 
came more  numerous  than  what  it  had  been  during  the  previous- 
twenty  years. 
AMPHIBIA  AND  FISH. 
Among  these  classes  of  vertebrates  are  counted  many  species,, 
which  are  altogether  or  primarily  insectivorous  and  in  these  a 
certain  amount  of  confidence  has  been  reposed  for  the  fight  against 
mosquitoes. 
In  1900  Koebele  introduced  from  California  to  Hawaii  the  sala- 
mander Diemyctylus  torosus  Esch.,  which  has  become  acclimated 
as  have  also  several  species  of  Amiri. 
Van  Dine  asked  for  and  obtained  in  1904  the  means  ($1,500) 
to  introduce  to  Hawaii  several  species  of  North  American  fish  of 
the  family  Poecilidae  (Molliensia 1 latipinna,  Fundulis  grandis, 
Gambusia  afhnis)  which  feed  mainly  on  larvae,  pupae  and  eggs  of 
Culicidae. 
He  asked  the  celebrated  ichtyologjst,  Prof.  Jordan,  to  entrust 
to  a competent  person  the  commission  to  collect  and  take  to 
Hawaii  these  fish,  which  Dr.  Jordan  himself  had  indicated  as 
active  destroyers  of  mosquito-larvae.  Jordan  gave  the  commis- 
sion to  Alvin  Seale,  who  went  to  Texas  to  collect  the  desired 
species  of  fish  and  succeeded  in  bringing  more  than  400  speci- 
mens to  Honolulu  alive.  These  were  liberated  in  suitable  small 
swamps  where  they  lived  and  multiplied  excellently.  They  have 
already  been  distributed  over  all  the  islands  and  will  certainly 
contribute  considerably  to  the  destruction  of  Culcidae. 
Carassius  auratus  has  also  been  introduced  to  the  Hawaiian  Is- 
lands and  liberated  in  various  localities  for  the  purpose  of  destroy- 
ing mosquito  larvae.  I believe  that  much  can  still  be  done  against 
mosquitoes  in  the  way  of  natural  warfare. 
CONCLUSION. 
I have  briefly  set  forth  the  actual  organization  of  agricultural 
entomology  in  the  United  States,  the  methods  of  fight  used  there 
