35i 
ditch  must  go  dry.  Again  the  ditches  are  full  and  water  is  run- 
ning to  waste  in  floods.  A flood  is  essentially  a waste  of  water. 
In  order  to  intelligently  deal  with  such  a situation,  it  is  neces- 
sary to  know  how  much  water  is  wasted  in  floods,  how  much 
can  be  saved  by  storage  and  how  many  more  acres  could  be  irri- 
gated from  such  storage.  Finally,  all  the  facts  must  be  assembled 
to  determine  if  it  is  practicable  to  undertake  conservation,  and 
if  so,  to  what  extent.  The  significance  of  the  underground  water 
investigations  is  equally  great. 
The  investigation  of  water  resources  here  involves  considera- 
tion of  many  important  public  problems,  some  of  which  are  pecu- 
liar to  this  Territory.  For  example,  I hear  on  every  hand,  the 
desire  expressed  for  a great  and  stable  population  that  may  be 
depended  upon  for  labor,  production  and  defense.  To  this  end 
you  have  been  trying  to  secure  immigration  of  people  that  would 
assimilate  and  become  a part  of  the  body  politic.  A very  good 
plan,  but  upon  what  are  you  going  to  base  that  citizenship  ? There 
is  no  sociologic  principle  more  completely  demonstrated  than  that 
which  requires  ownership  of  land  in  the  making  of  a citizen. 
Bring  out  your  social  remedies,  they  will  fail,  they  will  all  fail, 
until  each  man  has  his  feet  somewhere  in  the  soil. 
I don't  mind  confessing  that  I came  here  with  a badly  warped 
prejudice  against  homesteads  in  this  country.  From  that  which 
I had  faithfully  read  and  from  the  testimony  of  several  well- 
informed  men  my  preconception  was  that  this  land  was  a place 
predestined  for  big  estates,  to  be  operated  by  alien  labor,  with  the 
American  flag  kept  in  its  place  only  by  the  persuasion  of  rapid 
fire  guns.  I am  going  away  convinced  that  the  flag  can  be  kept 
afloat  here  without  the  constant  menace  of  armament,  but  sus- 
tained by  the  stout  hearts  of  Americans  wliose  homesteads  stand 
out  all  over  the  land.  The  best  part  of  this  Territory  or  that 
which  is  best  suited  for  homestead  entry  is  the  arid  part.  In  fact 
there  is  very  little  agricultural  land  here  that  would  not  be  bene- 
fitted  by  irrigation.  Now  if  you  are  going  to  dot  this  arid  country 
over  with  homesteads,  which  you  must  do  if  you  succeed  in  your 
ambition  for  a stable  population,  you  must  know  where  the  water 
is  coming  from  that  will  support  those  fields. 
Up  to  a very  recent  time,  your  agricultural  development  has 
been  one-sided.  Before  coming  here  I heard  it  said  that  Hawaii 
carries  all  its  eggs  in  one  basket.  After  looking  over  the  situa- 
tion, I believe  it  incumbent  on  all  devout  citizens  of  the  Terri- 
tory to  thank  the  Lord  for  that  one  basket.  It  is  a strong,  capable 
basket.  Long  may  it  last.  Nevertheless,  we  must  all  recognize 
the  economic  necessity  of  developing  other  industries  that  will 
act  as  a counterweight.  In  my  opinion,  it  has  been  proved  that 
the  sugar  industry  is  a plantation  industry,  one  that  must  be  run 
on  a large  scale  and  that  if  the  homesteader  succeeds  in  cane 
planting  he  does  so  by  reason  of  the  altruism  of  the  neighboring 
plantation.  In  other  words,  he  becomes  a plantation  adjunct. 
