474 
mountain  is  rendered  difficult  of  access  and  is  consequently  rela- 
tively unexplored. 
On  the  windward  slopes  the  only  means  of  access  are  the  trails 
in  connection  with  the  irrigation  projects  and  those  along  the 
bluffs  near  the  sea  that  connect  the  limited  areas  of  agricultural 
land  in  the  bottoms  of  the  larger  gulches. 
Within  the  limits  of  the  proposed  forest  reserve  the  Kohala 
Mountain  is  clothed  with  a dense  mass  of  indigenous  vegetation — 
a cover  that  for  its  effect  on  run-off  and  for  holding  back  moisture 
after  it  once  reaches  the  ground  cannot  be  surpassed. 
OWNERSHIP. 
Of  the  lands  in  the  proposed  Kohala  Mountain  Forest  Reserve 
the  larger  part  belong  to  the  Territory.  Out  of  the  total  area  of 
27,160  acres,  14,365  acres,  or  53  per  cent.,  are  Government  lands. 
Next  in  order  of  ownership  comes  the  Bishop  Estate  with  8,970 
acres,  or  33  per  cent.  The  more  important  of  the  remaining  lands 
are  owned  by  the  Kohala  Sugar  Company,  the  Parker  Ranch,  the 
Queen  Emma  Estate,  the  Pacific  Sugar  Mill,  and  by  one  or  two 
individuals.  The  accompanying  list  shows  the  name,  ownership, 
area,  (and  in  the  case  of  the  Government  lands  the  lessee,  lease 
number  and  date  of  expiration  of  the  existing  lease)  for  all  the 
lands  in  the  reserve.  (See  Appendix.) 
BOUNDARY. 
In  selecting  the  boundaries  of  the  proposed  Kohala  Mountain 
Forest  Reserve  natural  barriers  have  so  far  as  possible  been  fol- 
lowed. Where  this  was  not  feasible  the  boundary  has  been  made 
to  conform  to  existing  fence  lines  for  the  maintenance  of  which 
provision  has  in  most  cases  been  made.  Thus  on  the  face  of  the 
mountain  above  Waimea  the  reserve  boundary  follows  the  upper 
fences  of  the  Parker  Ranch  paddocks.  So  far  as  possible  in  the 
renewal  of  the  leases  of  Government  lands,  provision  should  be 
made  for  the  maintenance  of  these  fences  as  one  of  the  terms  of 
the  new  lease.  Across  other  lands  it  will  often  be  necessary  to 
keep  up  the  fences  by  other  means.  At  present  the  forest  reserve 
line  above  Waimea  is  kept  intact  through  the  interest  of  the 
manager  of  the  Parker  Ranch,  Mr.  A.  W.  Carter,  who,  realizing 
the  value  of  a forest  cover  on  the  mountain,  has  built  a number  of 
stretches  of  fence  on  the  face  of  the  mountain  to  complete  the  line. 
It  is  a recommendation  that  tends  to  become  trite  through  repe- 
tition that  there  should  be  a fund  available  in  this  department 
from  which  necessary  stretches  of  forest  fence  could  be  built  in 
localities  where  the  interests  of  the  Government  would  otherwise 
suffer.  It  is  a recommendation  that  must  and  will  continue 
urgently  to  be  made  until  such  a fund  is  provided. 
The  portion  of  the  Kohala  Mountain  Forest  Reserve  that  has 
been  reserved  by  the  Pacific  Sugar  Mill  Company  as  a private 
