LA DAK. 
47 
high, several of our men suffered a great deal from 
difficulty of breathing, which continued for several 
hours after we reached camp at Karbu, 600 feet 
lower down, and some of our party could get no sleep 
during the night from the same cause. At Karbu 
there are extensive remains of a large fort, built on a 
very inaccessible-looking rock, about 300 feet above 
the village and immediately behind it. Some won- 
derful stories were related to me about the taking 
of this fort, when the garrison had to surrender for 
want of water, for the supply of which no proper 
provision had been made. 
On the 28th June we marched fifteen miles, to Lama 
Yuru, crossing the Fota-la Pass, which is nearly 
14,000 feet above the sea. To-day none of our men 
suffered from the altitude. Near Lama Yuru, which 
is about 2,000 feet lower and just visible from the 
top, we first saw those long walls or heaps of stones 
called " manes." Each stone on the top of the pile has 
the Tibetan inscription, " Aum ! Mani-padme, hun !" 
which means, I believe, "Hail ! to the jewel in the lotus, 
hail !" The inscriptions vary slightly, but the above 
is the usual one. Some of these manes are more than 
half a mile in length ; they are from six to eight feet 
high, by ten to fifteen feet broad, and are often very 
substantially built. On some of the large ones there 
must be hundreds of thousands of stones, each bear- 
ing an inscription. I was told that the lamas had 
sometimes been paid as much as £10,000 for con- 
structing a mane, and writing the inscriptions. At 
either end of the large manes there is often a 
chorten. They always run parallel to the roads, or 
rather footpaths, one pathway running on either side 
