108 NARRATIVE. 
which Rhodocrinus came. Again, immediately over- 
lying and nonconformable to the limestone, are a 
series of red sandstones which occupy the place of 
the Trias of England and Europe, and would appear 
to be of that age. It is evident that a fault or dis- 
turbance of great magnitude has brought the car- 
boniferous series against the metamorphic gneiss and 
schists, which are themselves violently contorted, and 
rest upon granite and granitoidal rocks. The age of 
the schists and their relation to the granite we have 
no means of determining." 
VII. SANJU TO YARKAND. 
It is impossible for me to describe the feelings with 
which we again welcomed the sight of trees and green 
fields. We had entered the hills at Jamu three months 
before, and now, as far as the eye could reach, we 
saw before us a country not unlike Kashmir, and 
beautifully cultivated. At Sanju many of the crops 
were being harvested. They consisted of wheat, 
barley, Indian corn, rice, ''joahir" (i.e., species of 
Sorghum), and Indian hemp. The roads, or rather 
lanes, were lined with rows of Elseagnus trees (called 
jigda in Turki), now loaded with ripe yellow fruit 
(the Trebizond dates of England), and near every 
hamlet were groves of large walnut-trees. Mulber- 
ries, willows, and poplars were also common. Some of 
the white poplars here attain an enormous height, and 
have stems ten feet in girth. The most common plants 
were the camel-thorn {Alkali maurormii), a leguminous 
plant {Sophora alopecuroides), and wild liquorice {GIt/- 
cyrrliiza glanduliferd), Sanju was found by the mer- 
