ARRIVAL IN Y ARK AND, ETC. 
18S 
the altitude at 3830 feet, which is just three feet less 
than the average of my observations. On the 3rd 
September the barometric reading gave the height as 
4328 feet, or 495 feet higher; but I afterwards as- 
certained that a heavy fall of snow had occurred 
about that date on all the mountains to the south, 
and the fall in the barometer was probably caused by 
this change in the weather. It shows, however, 
how very unreliable are heights deduced from single 
observations. 
The extreme difference between the readings of 
the mercurial barometer was 0'36 inches, and between 
the readings of the aneroid (which was observed 
much more frequently), 0*7 inches; but I am quite 
satisfied that the aneroid cannot be depended on, 
particularly after being exposed to rather rough usage 
for several months. 
A haze filled the air during the whole time we 
were in the country, and only at one or two points — 
viz., between Bora and Sanju — could we get a 
glimpse of the low hills to the south, and the 
higher ranges were never visible. 
From all I could learn, the rainfall is extremely 
scanty, and only occasionally in winter a little snow 
falls. Most of the crops seen have been already noticed ; 
but I may here recapitulate them. We noticed all 
the winter and summer crops of the Panjab, except 
sugar-cane — viz., rice, wheat, barley, millet, Indian 
corn, joahir, and impee, which two last are species 
of Sorglium — gram {Cicer arietinum), peas, beans of at 
least a dozen varieties. Linseed is grown only for 
the seed, and hemp for the extract, the fibre of 
neither being utilized. Enough cotton is grown to 
