182 
ORNITHOLOGY. 
Huzara. In Kashmir it is found at times at a much lower 
levels but Kashmir is north of the first snowy range. [^A. O.H.'] 
254. XJpupa epops (Linn.). 
The Hoopoe was seen almost daily the whole way from 
Lahore to Yarkand city. In the barest deserts^ where the 
Ravens that travelled with the camp were almost the only 
living things to be seen_, the Hoopoe would occasionally be 
met with ; and again on the highest passes it was noticed, 
apparently entirely at its ease. It was met with at Lak 
Zung^ overlooking the Lingzi Thang, and in a former 
journey I saw it at the very top of the Tugulung Pass, 
(16,000 feet). [G. ^T.] 
Specimens from Kashmir, Ladak, and Yarkand are per- 
fectly identical ; all belong to the typical U. epops, as dis- 
tinguished from U. nigripennis or U. ceylonensis, by the 
white subterminal crest band, paler upper surface, and some- 
what larger size. \_A. O. H.'] 
257. Lanius erythronotus (Vigors). 
This common Indian Shrike abounded in Kashmir, but 
was not noticed after crossing the Zoji-la Pass. [G. H.'] 
All the specimens obtained belonged to the typical form, 
but I have received specimens of BlytVs L. caniceps from 
Kashmir and many other parts of the Himalayas, as well as 
from Southern India. It is very questionable whether this 
race deserves specific separation ; characteristic specimens 
of the two races appear very distinct, but every intermediate 
form seems to occur. \_A. O. H.~\ 
261. Lanius cristatus (Linn.). 
This species, called in Turki Urulia, is very common 
in both the hills and plains of Yarkand, where it is tamed 
by the people and carried about in little cages and on the 
hand, just as Bulbuls {Pycnonotus pygcBus and P, pusillus) 
are in India. [G. H.'] 
All the specimens obtained are in poor condition ; four 
are young birds, and the fifth, an adult female, has lost its 
bill. I was at first inclined to identify these specimens as 
