200. 
ORNITHOLOGY. 
458. Otocompsa leucogenys (Gray). 
The White-cheeked Crested Bulbul was very common 
throughout Kashmir, both on our coming and returning. 
It was feeding on fruits and seeds. [G. 
These birds breed from April to July, and at all heights 
from 3000 to 7000 feet. The nest is a loose, slender fabric, 
externally composed of fine stems of some herbaceous plant 
and a few blades of grass, and internally lined with very 
fine hair-like grass. The nests may measure externally, at 
most, four inches in diameter, but the egg cavity, which is 
in proportion very large and deep, is fully two and a 
quarter inches across by one and three-quarters deep. As 
I before said, the nest is usually very slightly and loosely 
put together, so that it is diflicult to remove it without 
Id jury ; but sometimes they are more substantial, and 
occasionally the cup is much shallower and wider than I 
have above described. 
The eggs are of the regular Bulbul type, as exemplified 
in those of Pycnonotus pusillus, and vary much in colour, 
size, and shape. Typically they are rather a long oval, 
somewhat pointed at one end, have a white, pinkish- or 
reddish-white ground with little or no gloss, and are thickly 
speckled, freckled, streaked, or blotched, as the case may be, 
with blood- brownish- or purplish-red ; and here and there, 
chiefly towards the large end, exhibit, besides these primary 
markings, tiny underlying spots and clouds of pale inky 
purple. Some eggs have a pretty-well marked zone or 
irregular cap at the large end, but this is not very common. 
In size they average somewhat larger than those of Otocompsa 
leucotis and 0. emeria^ both of which they closely resemble ; 
but they are smaller, and as a body less richly coloured than 
those of Otocompsa fuscicaudata. They vary in length from 
0-84 to 0-95, and from 0*62 to 07 in breadth. [A. O. H.'] 
470. Oriolus kundoo (Sykes). (PI. XI.) 
The Indian Oriole was very common in Kashmir, both 
going and returning ; it was there known as the Pash- 
nool. In June, when the Expedition passed northwards. 
