DETAILED LIST OF BIRDS. 
201 
many of the birds were young. This species was again met 
with at Bora and Oi Tograk, in the plains of Yarkand. 
Only one specimen, a nearly adult female, was obtained. 
The Yarkandis call it the Zar guldar, a name apparently 
borrowed from the Persians. [G. 
It is most remarkable that the Yarkand bird should be 
identical with the Indian, and not the European bird (O. 
galbiila). There is, however, no mistake about the matter, for 
both Colonel Tytler and myself possess series of both species, 
and I have carefully compared the Yarkand bird with all of 
these. As to the distinctions between the two species. Dr. 
Jerdon says : " O. kundoo differs from the European O. 
galbula only in the black eye-streak extending to the ear- 
coverts, in the wing being shorter, and the bill proportionately 
longer." Professor Schlegel says that " 0. kundoo is dis- 
tinguished by the black of the lores extending round the 
eye and backwards behind the eye, by the yellow of the tail- 
feathers, and the exterior large coverts being greater in 
extent, and by the secondaries broadly tipped with yellow."*' 
Judging from my specimens I should say that O. galbula 
was a smaller bird with a somewhat shorter, but at the same 
time stouter bill, with a much more raised culmen, and a 
wing of say 6 25, against say 5*5 in O. kundoo. As remarked 
by both Schlegel and Jerdon, in 0. galbula only the lores 
are black, while in O. kundoo besides these, a line over and 
behind the eye, in many cases extending partially over the 
ear-coverts, is also black. The yellow on the primary 
greater coverts and on the lateral tail-feathers is much 
more extended in O. kundoo ; thus, in the male, of the 
feathers next the centre ones in O. galbula there may be 
0'6 of the tip yellow, while in the same sex, of the same 
feather in O. kundoo , 1*5 of the outer and 1 of the inner 
web will be yellow. Again, on the external feather of 
O. galbula there may be 1*25 of the tip yellow, while in 
O. kundoo the whole feather is yellow except the merest 
trace of black at the extreme base. 
The nidification of this bird has been repeatedly described, 
and I shall only add here that they lay from May to August, 
and that the eggs vary in length from 103 to 1'32, and from 
