DETAILED LIST OF BIRDS. 
253 
a N. W. bird,, but it is very common throughout Kumaon, 
and I have numerous specimens procured in the neighbour- 
hood of Darjeeling. As Mr. Blyth correctly surmised^ it is 
essentially a Tree Sparrow. He remarks that this species 
only differs from P. rutilans (Temm. PL Col. 588^ fig. 2) of 
China^ by the yellow tinge on the cheeks and lower parts. 
I note that in the Table Methodique the name is altered 
to P. russata, under which name both sexes are well figured 
in the "Fauna Japonica^^ (t. 50). Here it may be re- 
marked that what is there figured and described in the text 
as the young must, judging from the analogy of the present 
species, be the adult female. 
This latter has not been correctly described by Dr. 
Jerdon. 1 have repeatedly taken the nest and killed both 
birds of the pair, so that there can be no mistake about 
what the female really is. The female is not by any means 
light brown above, but is a warm, at times faintly ruddy, at 
times somewhat olive brown, marked on the back with 
black streaks much like the male and conspicuously ruddy 
on the rump. She has a long well-marked yellowish white 
super cilium extending from the lores right over the eye and 
ear-coverts to the nape. The under surface is yellowish- 
white, brightest at the base of the throat and the abdomen, 
and slightly ashy on the breast and sides. I notice, what 
Dr. Jerdon omits, that the bill is nearly black in the male, 
horny, brown and fleshy, or yellowish at the base of the 
lower mandible in the female ; and that in both sexes the 
legs are fleshy or reddish-brown, paler and dingier in the 
female, and the soles yellowish. The birds breed in May 
and June, making a loose nest, much like that of P. 
flavicoUis, in holes of trees. 
In shape the eggs are typically very perfect moderately 
elongated ovals, scarcely compressed or pointed at either 
end. They vary a good deal in appearance ; many closely 
resemble common varieties of those of the House Sparrow, 
having the ground colour white, greyish or gi-eenish white, 
more or less thickly speckled, spotted, streaked or blotched 
with various shades of brown, chiefly sepia brown. In this 
type of egg the markings are generally densest at the large 
