DETAILED LIST OF BIRDS. 
269 
it should turn out, as I half suspect, to be identical 
with Alauda japonica. (Faun. Jap. Aves. t. XLVII.) 
[A. 0. H.] 
767. Alauda gulgula. Franklin. (PI. xxix.) 
A single specimen of this species was obtained near 
Srinagar in Kashmir in May. [G. H.'\ 
It probably breeds in that country as well as in the 
plains. I notice that the Himalayan race of this species, 
generally differs from that of the plains, by having the bill 
shorter and slenderer, by being slightly darker-coloured 
above, by a somewhat shorter hind claw, and by the purer 
and less buffy-white of the exterior lateral tail feathers. 
Some specimens are undistinguishable, but hill specimens 
can generally be picked out by these characteristics. Even 
less black on the breast. More white on the two outer tail-feathers, and 
the central tail featliers nearly wholly rufous fawn. 
Young Male. Killed same date. — Differs from the adult in having 
all the lateral tail feathers more or less conspicuously tipped with white. 
The breast white, surmounted by only a narrow line of black. The chin, 
throat, and eye-streak tinged with yellow. The cheek stripe and lateral 
crown stripes yellowish white, each feather with one or more narrow 
dusky black bars towards the tips. The vinaceous tinge on the wing 
coverts is even stronger than on those of either of the adults. 
Young Female. Killed the same date. — Wants the vinaceous tinge 
of the plumage almost entirely ; like the young male, has only a narrow 
black band across the upper breast. The frontal black band, as well as 
the black bands across the front of the crown and on either side of it, are 
wanting, and the cheek stripe and lores though partly black have all the 
feathers broadly tipped with yellowish white. The quills are paler 
coloured than in the adult, and the central tail-feathers may be described 
as very pale buffy fawn with a narrow brown shaft stripe. 
A female killed in August is in such bleached and abraded plumage 
that it would scarcely be recognised as belonging to the same species. 
The lores and the cheek stripe and the pectoral band are dusky brown, a 
dingy white line runs from the nostrils over the eyes, and the whole crown 
and occiput is dusky, only just the extreme tips of the feathers retaining 
the original grey brown shade. The lower breast and abdomen are 
mingled dusky and fulvous white owing to the bases of the feathers show- 
ing through. The back of the neck and back is pale sandy, the feathers 
somewhat darker centered, while the upper tail-coverts and central feathers, 
are dull pale rufescent sandy. I have never obtained the bird in full 
breeding plumage, but I should imagine that it did not differ greatly from 
the freshly moulted October plumage. \_A. O. S.'\ 
