280 
ORNITHOLOGY, 
Karakash valley towards the end of July. It was also 
noticed at a lake some twenty miles S. W. of Mallik Shah 
flying towards the Karakash after dusk in flocks of from 
twelve to twenty. 
On the return of the expedition it was very abundant at 
Chagra^ above the Pan gong Lake, flying up and down the 
stream in huge flocks of several hundred birds, and incessantly 
calling Yak, yak.'^ It was very tame, and numbers were 
shot, and, I regret to say, almost without exception eaten, 
instead of being preserved This bird is called " Kaling 
in Thibet and Ladak. [G. iJ.] 
816. Tetraogallus himalayensis (Gray). 
The only specimen of this species obtained was a young 
bird received from the Kirghiz Tartars at Kitchik Yilak, 
near the Sanju pass, over which it is the special prerogative 
of these semi-savages to carry on their Yaks all merchandize 
to or from India and Yarkand, the pass not being of a 
nature to permit horses or camels to cross it fully laden. 
At the same time the Kirghiz gave the party a young bird 
of the next species ; both species, therefore, occur on the 
north-western flanks of the Kuen Lun. [G. H.'] 
In the upper Sutlej Valley, Lahul, and Spiti, this 
species lays in June. The eggs, according to native 
collectors, are from six to ten in number. In shape they 
are long nearly perfect ovals, slightly larger, and Con- 
or less cuneiform transverse black bars. Lower breast grey, abdomen, 
sides, flank, vent, tibial and tarsal plumes, and shortest lower tail-coverts 
white, the leg feathers sometimes slightly tinged with fulvous and with 
traces of narrow transverse barrings on the tibia. 
Female much resembles the male, but differs in the much greater ex- 
tent of pencilling and barring. The whole mantle and the whole of the 
breast (not merely the upper breast as in the male) is distinctly and con- 
spicuously lineated with narrow zigzaggy dark brown lines. The mantle 
of the male is doubtless when closely looked into excessively finely vermi- 
culated with blackish grey or greyish brown, but in the female these 
markings are very conspicuous, and on the longer scapulars and tertials 
are broader apart and fully as distinctly marked as those on the upper 
breast of the male. The linear elongated portion of the central tail 
feathers in the female does not exceed above three inches in length. The 
bill too is decidedly smaller. [^A. O. S.'] 
