LIST OF PLANTS. 
337 
CONIFERS. 
346. Juniperus communis, Linn. — Common in the 
Dras Valley down to 9000 ft. 
347. Juniperus excelsa, Wall. — Straggling specimens 
of this occur as a small shrub along the Dras River and the 
adjoining valleys^ and also along the Indus, but not in any 
abundance. Twenty miles below Dras there is a clump of 
trees each about 20 ft. high, and 4 or 5 ft. in girth ; and 
thirty miles west of Le, at Hemis Shukpa, there is a 
sacred tope of very ancient trees 30 ft. high, and many of 
their stems 12 ft. in girth. A large quantity of the timber 
is brought to Ladak from Zanskar for fuel. The Tibetan 
name is Shukpa, 
ALISMACE^. 
* 348. Trigrlochin palustre, Linn. — Indus Valley, 
Ladak, 11,000 ft., and in Karakash Valley, Yarkand, chiefly 
about salt marshes, 14,000 ft. 
* 349. Tri^lochin maritimum, Linn.^ — Hot springs 
above Gokra, Ladak, about 16,000 ft. ; Karakash Valley, 
Yarkand, 13 to 16,000 ft. In most of the localities where 
it occurred there was much saline matter in the water and 
soil. 
NAIADES. 
350. Potamog'eton pectinatus, Linn. 
351. Potamog-eton perfoliatus, Linn. — Both these 
are common along the Indus Valley in Ladak. No speci- 
mens were obtained in Yarkand. 
IRIDE^. 
352. Iris Kumaonensis, Wall. — This is very abundant 
in Ladak up to at least 12,000 ft. In autumn it is cut 
and dried like hay, and is stored on the roofs of the houses 
to feed the cattle in winter. In Kashmir the winter fodder 
is stored in the forks of trees to allow of its being got at 
when there is snow on the ground. 
353. Iris frag-rans, Lindl. — Not so common as the last. 
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