JANUARY, 1902. 
PROCEEDINGS. 
Id 
Prof. Weller then considered the Mississippi valley region of 
our continent ; treating in detail each geologic period from the 
Silurian, up to and through the Carboniferous, showing how it 
was possible by a comparison of the fossil fauna of each era to 
map out the shallow seas and the land barriers then existing, and 
also to determine the order in which the changes took place, and 
from whence new fossil types were derived. 
Thursday, June 27, 1901. 
The general meeting of the Wisconsin Natural History Society 
for June was held in the usual place — the Museum lecture room — 
President Teller occupying the chair. 
C. E. Brown read reports of section meetings held during the 
month, and he also stated that the botanists of the society had 
recently added many new plants and species of fungi to the 
Museum collections. Mr. William Riley was elected a member of 
the society. The election of Mr. Edw. E. Voss as director of the 
section of ornithology was approved. The attendance was 24. 
Chas. E. Brown then read a paper entitled, ''Types and Dis- 
tribution of Grooved Stone Axes." It was shown how, accord- 
ing to the peculiarities of the handle-groove, they could be ar- 
ranged into three main divisions : ( i ) Those having only a notch 
in each opposite side of the axe; (2) those with a groove extend- 
ing around three sides ; (3) those in which the groove completely 
encircled it. These could again be divided into several sub-classes 
according to the position and number of the grooves or the general 
shape or ornamentation of the axes themselves. Drawings were 
exhibited of specimens belonging to each class and the material, 
possible uses, and occurrence of these axes throughout the state 
discussed. 
This paper was followed by a lecture by E. Bruncken on 
"Ecology," in which the general principles of this recently de- 
veloped branch of botany were stated and explained, and applied 
to many of our local species of plants. 
Mr. Herman Pereles of the Numismatic section then read an 
instructive paper entitled. "Jackson Tokens and Hard Times 
Money." He described the financial and political conditions that 
led to the issuing of these interesting series of coins, as well as 
many of the coins themselves in detail. 
Dr. S. Graenicher next read a paper entitled, "Flowers Adapt- 
ed to Carrion-Fly Visitors," which dealt principallv with the fer- 
tilization of our three local species of Smilax, S. herhacea, S. 
hispida and 5. ecirrhata, specimens of which and of their insect 
visitors were exhibited by the speaker. 
