102 BULLETIN OF WISCONSIN NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. VOL. 2. NO. 2. 
IDENTIFICATIONS, ETC. 
No. 12 (see original list) had the flight of a hawk or owl. No. 
28 had wings spread like a hawk soaring. No. 31, wing motions 
were plainly seen, but no identification could be made on account 
of uncertain distance. No. 34 had wavy motion of flight, like gold- 
finch. No. 46 passed slowly, the wings beat rapidly and the neck 
was seen stretched out like a duck, loon, or grebe. The slow pas- 
sage was evidently caused by distance. No. 61 had flight like 
goldfinch. No. 72, wing motions were plainly seen. No. 94 
passed very slowly ; this was evidently a large bird at long range, 
as it occupied three seconds in passing over the field and wing mo- 
tions were plainly seen. 
COURSES OF FLIGHT. 
108 Birds kept their direct courses while passing over the field of 
vision. 
I Bird came in moving southeast and curved back to northeast, 
changing its course about 45 deg. 
' 2 Birds flew in a curve ; one changing its course from northeast 
to east and one from northeast to north. 
The observations were taken at the Cartwright observatory 
located about three-fifths of a mile from the river. The telescope, a 
6-inch refracting instrument, equatorially mounted, with an 8-inch 
focus, was at an average angle, during the period of observation, 
of about thirty degrees. If the birds that were traveling northeast, 
which numbered considerably more than half of all noted, were 
following the course of the Detroit River, which seemed evident, 
they must have been somewhat more than half a mile above the 
surface. 
BIRD :\[IGRATION AT BELOIT AND MADISON. 
The tabulations given below represent several periods of the 
original data from Beloit and Madison. They will serve to show 
a few of the points gained directly from observation. The teles- 
cope ofifers a means for watching nocturnal migrants during the 
time they are actually moving. Though we gain a view of only 
an infinitesimal portion of the vast migratory wave in so small a 
field of vision, enough is revealed to make it well worth the ini- 
dertaking. 
