86 
TEE BIRDS OF WISCONSIN. 
Wisconsin, hut of late years it is rarely seen. A single speci- 
men shot at Lake Koshkonong, November, 1891, by 
L. Kumlien, and mounted for Albion Academy, is the last real 
record we have, although others have been "seen." We have 
met it at several points in northern W isconsin in late fall and 
winter, but more often along Lake Michigan and Lake 
Superior than elsewhere. It is really common at several points 
along Lake Superior, where it seems to replace the crow 
entirely. It is commonly found around the lake fishing 
stations. 
Corvus americaiius Aud. AMERICAN CROW. 
Very abundant in the southern part of the state, it has 
gained in numbers at a wonderful rate, especially during the 
past fifteen years, notwithstanding the incessant warfare that 
has been carried on against it by the farmers and sportsmen. 
Indeed, the crow was formerly considered as not a common 
bird at all in southern Wisconsin, and the increase has been 
constant to a certain extent for the past fifty years. Dr. Hoy, 
in 1852, considered it one of the rarest of birds about Racine. 
At the present time it is not as common along Lake Michigan 
as in the interior, but is much more abundant than formerly. 
In north and north-central Wisconsin the crow is not a winter 
resident, though it is apparently extending the line farther and 
farther each year. At Stevens Point, for instance, it is 
migratory, and a common summer resident. Mr. Clark writes 
that in Dunn County it has become an abundant summer 
resident, and is more of a pest to the poultry raisers each year. 
A few winter here, Air. Clark states. In the southern counties 
it nests early in April, and remains, in increased numbers, 
during the winter, forming immense roosts at intervals. At 
dusk it flocks in great numbers from miles around to these 
winter "crow roosts," leaving again in every direction, for the 
feeding grounds, at break of day. 
Xucifraga Columbiana (WilS.). CLARKE'S NUTCRACKER. 
A specimen of Clarke's crow was shot by Mr. Hawley, in 
the western outskirts of Milwaukee in the late fall of 1875. The 
bird was too badly shot to make a good skin and it came into 
the possession of Dr. G. W. Peckham, who made a skeleton of 
it himself. The specimen, with the exact date, etc., was later 
destroyed by the disastrous high school fire in that city, in 
which Dr. Peckham lost his entire valuable osteological collec- 
tion. There is not, however, the slightest possible doubt of the 
