THE BIRDS OF WISCONSIN. 
91 
eastward and southward, until at the present time it is anything 
but rare in southern Wisconsin, where thirty to forty years ago 
it was almost unknown. 
Pinicola eiiucleator leucura (Mull.). CANADIAN PINE GROS- 
BEAK. 
The pine grosbeak is a common winter bird in northern 
Wisconsin, and at irregular intervals it pushes its way to the 
southern counties, sometimes in good numbers wherever there- 
are plenty of its favorite buds and berries. It is often supposed, 
and usually so written, that the appearance of this and the last 
species in the southern part of the state depends entirely on the 
severity of the weather; but this does not always seem to be the 
case as they are almost as frequently seen after prolonged spells 
of mild weather throughout the state as after an unusually cold 
snap, or a series of storms. Like the evening grosbeak, this 
species is much more regular and common every winter than 
during former years. It is said to nest within the boundaries 
of the state ; but we are unable to substantiate this and think it 
very doubtful. 
Carpodacus Durpureus (Ghmel.J* PURPLE FINCH. 
In most sections of southern Wisconsin a more or less 
common migrant in spring and fall, but very irregular in its 
occurrence. Dr. Hoy speaks of a few nesting about Racine 
fifty years ago. It has been known to remain through the 
summer in Jefferson County, but nests were not found. 
Grundtvig (1) found it nesting in Outagamie County in 1883, 
several pairs being noted. Mr. J. N. Clark states that the 
purple finch is "a regular migrant in Dunn County, but have 
never seen it in summer." He thinks it very doubtful if it nests 
in that part of the state. Noted at Delavan only as an irregular 
spring and fall migrant. We have seen it at Milwaukee, Two 
Rivers, Sturgeon Bay and Merrill in summer, where it was no 
doubt nesting. Dr. Hoy speaks of its nesting on Lake Superior, 
and we have evidence to show it to be a summer resident in 
Iron County. Apparently very erratic, not only as regards 
migration, but also in selection of summer homes. 
Loxia curvirostra minor (Brehm.). AMERICAN CROSSBILL. 
A regular and sometimes very abundant winter visitant in 
all parts of the state, though in some seasons not at all common 
1. Birds of Shiocton, Trans. Wis. Acad. Sciences, Arts, and Let. 
X-p. 126. 
