A Classification of the Varieties of Cultivated Oats 139 
Victor (Plate XII, 1). — Culms semi-erect in early growth, large, coarse, 
stiff, glabrous; sheaths dark green and glaucous at period of full heading; 
leaves colored as the sheaths, medium wide, margins glabrous or sparsely 
ciliate; panicles long, broad, coarse, wide-spreading, lax, the branches 
usually drooping from the middle outward; spikelets 2-grained, 3-grained 
spikelets seldom occurring, double-grains many; glumes dark green and 
slightly glaucous at period of full heading, 25-30 mm. long, 9-10-nerved; 
grains black to brownish black, very large and coarse, outer grains usually 
18-22 mm. long, rather short-pointed; lemma of the outer grain glabrous, 
the number of nerves varying from 7 to 10; awns usually present, strong, 
coarse, twisted, often slightly geniculate; basal hairs wanting on most 
grains, although often present, short to medium long (2-4 mm.), and stiff; 
rhachilla of the outer grain 2-3 mm. long, usually weakly haired. Plants 
10-14 dm. tall; medium late in maturing. 
Specimens of the variety Victor were found under the following addi- 
tional names: Black Egyptian, English Wonder, Garton 306, Garton 
396, Garton 453, Garton 1174. 
Monarch (Plate XII, 2, and fig. 26). — Culms erect in early growth, 
medium large, stiff, glabrous or hairy near the nodes ; sheaths dark green and 
glaucous at period of full heading; leaves colored as the sheaths, narrow to 
medium wide, margins glabrous; panicles wide-spreading, lax, the branches 
drooping from the middle outward; spikelets usually 2-grained; glumes dark 
green and slightly glaucous at period of full heading, 20-27 mm. long, usually 
9-nerved, in some cases 8- or 10-nerved; grains brownish black, glaucous, 
elongate, outer grains usually 15-19 mm. long, long-pointed; lemma of 
the outer grain glabrous, with 7 obscure nerves; awns usually numerous 
in the panicle, scarcely twisted; basal hairs usually present, short to long 
(2-5 mm.), fine, and weak; rhachilla of the outer grain short (1.5-2.5 mm.), 
usually glabrous. Plants 8-10 dm. tall; medium early in maturing. 
Specimens of the variety Monarch were found under the following 
additional names: Hennesey, Martinsburg, Red Rustproof, Swedish Red, 
Tartarian, Texas Red. 
Black Mesdag (Plate XII, 3, and fig. 26). — Culms erect in early growth, 
large, stiff, glabrous; sheaths dark green and glaucous at period of full 
heading; leaves colored as the sheaths, medium wide, margins glabrous; 
panicles wide-spreading, lax, the branches usually drooping from the middle 
outward; spikelets usually 2-grained, although 3-grained spikelets occur; 
