A Classification of the Varieties of Cultivated Oats 143 
at period of full heading, 22-26 mm. long, usually 9-nerved; grains brown- 
ish black, elongate, outer grains usually 18-22 mm. long, long-pointed; 
lemma of the outer grains glabrous, with 7 rather prominent nerves; awns 
usually wanting; basal hairs wanting or few, short (1-2 mm.), and weak; 
rhachilla of the outer grain 2-3 mm. long, with numerous erect hairs. 
Plants 8-10 dm. tall; medium late in maturing. 
Specimens of the variety North Finnish were found under the following 
additional names: Black American, Black Arctic, Swedish Red. 
Garton 473 (Plate XIV, 1, and fig. 27). — Culms erect in early growth, 
large, coarse, glabrous; sheaths dark green and glaucous at period of full 
heading; leaves colored as the sheaths, extremely wide, margins ciliate at 
the lower third ; panicles narrow, stiff, the branches sharply ascending and 
the lowest whorl of branches issuing from a geniculate bend in the rhachis at 
which the nodal diaphragm is wanting or rudimentary; spikelets 2-grained, 
double-grains very numerous; glumes dark green and slightly glaucous 
at period of full heading, 25-30 mm. long, usually 9-nerved but may 
be 10-11-nerved; grains white or yellowish white, large and coarse, outer 
grains usually 18-22 mm. long, short-pointed; lemma of the outer grain 
with 7-11 conspicuous nerves, usually 7-nerved, glabrous; awns numerous 
in the panicle, coarse, usually twisted, in some cases slightly geniculate; 
basal hairs wanting, or short (1-2 mm.), few, and weak; rhachilla of the 
outer grain 2-3 mm. long, glabrous or with a few weak hairs. Plants 
8-10 dm. tall; medium late in maturing. 
Specimens of the variety Garton 473 were found under the follow- 
ing additional names: Garton 855, Golden Rain, Regenerated Swedish 
Select. 
Garton 691 (Plate XIV, 1, and fig. 27). — Similar to Garton 473, except 
that the panicle is longer and wide-spreading, with stiff but not sharply 
ascending branches, and that the rhachis is remarkably flexuous. 
Kherson, Early Champion, Sixty-Day. — Characterized chiefly by short, 
sparse, fine, stiff panicles (fig. 28), fine stems, and early maturity. In the 
specimens of Kherson and Sixty-Day, yellow and white grains occurred in 
various proportions, while in the specimens of Early Champion the grains 
were white. The grains of Kherson and Sixty-Day were separated as 
yellow and white, and each class was found to reproduce its color accurately. 
As the original introduction of Kherson oats by the Nebraska Experi- 
ment Station in 1896 was a yellow-grain variety, the white grains 
