45 
I respectfully call your attention once again to my recommen- 
dations and this rule and recommend that final action be taken 
either to adopt or reject it so that my responsibility, as to any 
advantages or disadvantages which may accrue from the adop- 
tion of Rule V, may be determined. 
Yours very truly, 
C. S. JUDD, 
Executive Officer. 
FOREST COVERS. 
The following interesting letter has been received from Mr. 
G. C. Munro of Lanai and deals in an instructive manner with 
liis observations on suitable ground covers for denuded and bare 
eroding ridges such as are found on Lanai and Molokai. 
Answers to Mr. Munro's questions on the origin in Hawaii 
of the Norfolk Island pines and the kauri pine will be gratefully 
received. We have suspected that the kauri pines in Honolulu 
are of Queensland rather than of New Zealand origin. 
C. S. J. 
Keomuku, Lanai, T. H., February 20, 1922. 
To the Editor, Hawaiian Forester and Agriculturist, 
Honolulu, T. H. 
Sir: Referring to Mr. C. S. Judd's note on my letter of June 
28th, 1921, and published in the September, 1921 Forester, and 
to Mr. Judd's explanation to Governor Farrington as to reasons 
for closing certain forest areas to the public, I would say that 
so far as the water supplying forests for the City of Honolulu 
are concerned, his arguments for the exclusion of human beings 
are in the main sound, but nature has provided other means by 
which grasses will invade these areas if a suitable ground sur- 
face presents itself. 
My experience has been principally with forests injured by 
livestock, and in all cases where the stock have been removed 
the ground cover has made a wonderful recovery, and the intro- 
duced grasses, where the denuded areas were not large, have 
been covered up by the native growth. 
On the main ridges of the Lanai forest region, the highest 
point of which is 3,400' elevation, trails are kept open and 
continually traversed by horsemen and pack mules, and much 
seed of foreign grasses germinate along these trails, but the 
grass cannot spread into adjacent forest, even molasses grass, 
(Melinis minute flora) which will overgrow and smother Paspa- 
lum dilitatum, does not seem to make headway against Sadleria 
"Amamau," and staghorn "Uluhi" ferns; observations of this 
grass are not yet conclusive but I believe that it would be a most 
useful plant for the bare eroding ridges and land slides where 
the native plants take slowly, at about 2,000' elevation as it 
