81 
5. Olinda. Altitude 4,000 feet. 
Upright form. Old and new cones from a very small tree. 
6. Olinda. Altitude 4,000 feet. 
Pointed pyramid form. Old cones from a slender pyramidal 
tree which looks like a cross between the upright and pyra- 
mid forms. 
Incidental to the experiment a germination test is being made 
of the seed of old and *'new" or young cones from the same trees. 
A characteristic of trees of the genus Ciipressus is the persistence 
of their cones for many years so that often the ancient clusters 
are overgrown with lichens. It is hardly to be expected that 
seed from such cones will have as high a germination percentage 
or produce as vigorous seedlings as the seed of two or three-year 
old cones. Preliminary tests of the Ulupalakua samples, which 
are from some of the most desirable trees, have shown fair ger- 
mination. 
If the development of the seedlings warrants it, the study will 
be continued by out-planting a number of each lot in an aboretum 
for future observation. 
RECLAIMING GRASS LAND 
SECOND PROGRESS REPORT 
By C. S. Judd, Superintendent of Forestry. 
The plots in Nuuanu Valley established on March 17, 1921, to 
determine whether areas covered with Hilo grass could be re- 
claimed by shading out the grass through the establishment of a 
stand of haole koa trees (Lencaena ghuca) were examined on 
March 18, 1922, to determine the progress that this tree had made 
against the grass by the end of the first year since the seed was 
sown. 
During the period of six months since last last examination, 
the first half had been comparatively dry but considerable rain 
had fallen during the second half. 
The results of the last examination are not promising for the 
success of the trees in overcoming the grass. Most of the seed- 
lings had been overtopped by the grass and completely shaded 
out and killed while others had spread out along the ground in 
the effort to find an opening to sunlight through the grass. The 
largest seedling was found on Plot 8 and was 24 inches long 
above ground wth a root of corresponding length. It also pos- 
se.-'^ed a flower bud. 
At the initiation of the experiment the grass on Plots 4, 5 and 
6 was merely burned but on Plots 7, 8, and 9 not only was the 
grass burned but the ground was dug up and the sod turned over. 
This treatment seems merely to have stimulated the growth of the 
Hilo grass because after one year's time the grass on these plots 
stands so thick and high that it forms almost as complete a cover 
as the grass on Plots 1, 2 and 3 which was left undisturbed. 
