upper boundary, adjacent to three large cattle ranches, is well 
protected by a stock proof fence and that only a few head of 
cattle, and these very wild, are within the reserve in the mauka 
portion. Along the lower boundary, which is approximately 35 
miles long, a great variety of conditions was found. Parts of 
the line are protected by impenetrable forests, parts by lava 
flows, and some sections are protected by impassable gulches and 
similar natural barriers. On still other sections the cane fields 
come right up to or very near the line and naturally there is no 
stock there to injure the forest. The most undesirable situations 
were where homesteaders or plantation tenants had cattle on their 
lots adjacent to the reserve and did not have any or adequate 
fences to confine their stock to their own premises. Long years 
of disregard of government property made it necessary to warn 
such persons, and to accomplish the desired end of forest pro- 
tection a bargain was usually made with them for the immediate 
fencing of their land on the proper reserve boundary. This was 
accomplished by furnishing the wire and staples to the local 
men who cut and set the posts and stretched the wire. 
In this manner fencing work was started last fall on fourteen 
different projects totalling a distance of 10 miles where the line 
across government land needed attention. Some of these were 
short stretches, only 650 feet in length, while others amounted 
to almost a mile and a half. Some of these fences are at the 
2,000 feet elevation in the heavy rain belt where the boggy soil 
permits work to be done only for a few months in the year 
when the rainfall is the least heavy. In other sections the fences 
cross pahoehoe lava flows and the post holes have to be blasted 
with dynamite. Where government land ends and the boundary 
crosses private lands the plantations have followed the recom- 
mendations of the Board and have constructed fences where 
there is any danger of stock depredations. In this manner ap- 
proximately 2.13 miles of fence have been constructed on the 
boundary of the reserve across private lands and in a few months 
when these projects are all completed the entire boundary will be 
absolutely protected from damage by stock. 
The fencing work has been closely followed up by removal 
of stock from the reserve. A particularly bad situation existed 
at the southeast corner of the reserve where the important intakes 
of the Olaa and Hilo Sugar Company flumes are situated. Here, 
there were no fences and a cattle owner was wont to allow his 
cattle to wander at will around the flume heads and as far back 
into the forest as the Wailuku River on the government land 
of Piihonua. The forest ofiicials urged the building of fences 
where the boundary crosses private lands and the owners readily 
complied. Where government land was involved the Board 
shared the expense and the fences are now almost completed. 
In the meantime official notice was served on the owner of the 
cattle to remove them at once or suffer the full penalty of the 
