INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON CHEMICAL REACTION 223 
1. For the historical development of the doctrine of energy, see first of all, 
Merz: History of European Thought in the Nineteenth Century, London, 1903; 
Vol. II, Chapter 2: ''On the Physical View of Nature." This chapter contains very 
extensive references to the literature. See also, E. Mach: Popular Scientific Lec- 
tures, translated by McCormack, Chicago, 1910; Lecture on the Principle of the 
Conservation of Energy; or, History and Root of the Principle of the Conservation 
of Energy, translated by Jourdain, Chicago, 191 1 ; also Prinzipien der Warmetheorie, 
Leipzig, 1896. See also, P. G. Tait: Lectures on Some Recent Advances in Physical 
Science, 3d ed., London, 1885. For a complete treatment of the subject, see G. 
Helm: Die Energetik, nach ihrer geschichtlichen Entwickelung, Leipzig, 1898, 
The original memoirs are most accessible in Rumford: Collected Works, London, 
1876; Davy: Works, London, 1839; Mayer: Die Mechanik der Warme, edited by 
Weyrausch, Stuttgart, 1893; Helmholtz: Ueber der Erhaltung der Kraft, in Ost- 
wald's Klassiker der Exakten Wissenschaften, no. i; Joule: Scientific Papers, 
London, 1884; Carnot: Reflexions sur la puissance motrice du feu, Paris, 1824, 
translated by Thurston, London, 1890; Clausius: Mechanische Warmetheorie, 
Braunschweig (1876), 3d ed,, 1887-91, translated by Browne, London, 1879. For 
excerpts translated from the works of Carnot and Clausius, see Magie: The Second 
Law of Thermodynamics, New York, 1899; and for others, see Ostwald's Klassiker 
der Exakten Wissenschaften. 
With reference to the experimental basis of the fundamental laws see also 
Preston: The Theory of Heat, London, 1904; Griffiths: The Thermal Measurement 
of Energy, Carhbridge, 1901. 
For a consistent presentation of physicochemical phenomena in general from 
the point of view of energetics, consult Nernst: Theoretical Chemistry, translated 
by Tizard, London, 191 1; and Van t'Hoff: Lectures on Theoretical and Physical 
Chemistry, translated by Lehfeldt, London, 1898, or the more recent Vorlesungen, 
Braunschweig, 1901. See also, Mellor: Chemical Statics and Dynamics, London, 
1904, especially for a thoroughgoing discussion of speed of reaction and of equilibria. 
2. For the development of scientific atomism, see Merz: History of European 
Thought in the Nineteenth Century, Vol. I, Chapter 5, "On the Atomic View of 
Nature"; or L. Mabilleau: Histoire de la philosophic atomistique, Paris, 1895, for 
a more general treatment. See also J. Perrin: Les Atomes, Paris, 4th ed., 1914. 
For a simple and very clear exposition of the fundamental facts, see Wurtz: The 
Atomic Theory, translated by Cleminshaw, New York, 1881; and relevant chapters 
in von Meyer: History of Chemistry, translated by McGowan, London, 1906; or, 
for a more extensive treatment, Ladenburg: Lectures on the History of the Develop- 
ment of Chemistry since Lavoisier, translated by Dobbin, Edinburgh, 1900. 
For excerpts from the original memoirs of Dalton, Avogadro, Gay-Lussac and 
-others, see Alembic Club Reprints, Edinburgh and Chicago, Nos, 2 and 4, See also, 
for a critical examination of Dalton's original notes, Roscoe and Harden: A New View 
of the Origin of Dalton's Atomic Theory, London, 1896. 
3. See O. E. Meyer: Kinetische Theorie der Gase, Breslau, 1899; or Nernst: 
Theoretical Chemistry (op, cit.) Book II, Chapter II: "The Kinetic Theory of the 
Molecule," especially pp, 198-200. See also Perrin: Les Atomes {op. cit.) and The 
Brownian Movement and Molecular Reality, translated by Soddy, London,. 1910. 
