EXPULSION OF ASCOSPORES 
Specimens which did not receive direct application of water. The 
control specimens however showed a still heavier expulsion. In all 
cases the water was applied to the blotting paper beneath the speci- 
mens and hence the only possible way by which it could reach the 
ostiole and cause expulsion was by absorption from below. This ex- 
periment was carried out mainly to determine whether ascospore 
expulsion would be likely to take place from stromata on logs or 
fallen limbs that might be left lying for some time in contact with the 
moist ground. 
Expulsion from Isolated Pustules 
A determination of the amount of expulsion from isolated pustules 
was attempted but the results obtained were not entirely satisfactory 
due principally to contaminated specimens. Two tests were conducted 
as follows: 
Material obtained Jan. 18, 1913, from West Grove, Pa., was used 
and 16 pustules were isolated by cutting away all perithecial necks in 
the immediate vicinity. Then in order to make certain that no shoot- 
ing would occur from regenerated necks, a mask was made of paper 
by cutting a hole, the same size as the pustule and slipping it over the 
latter. Nine of the 16 pustules became contaminated and gave no 
results. The remaining ones were kept under observation for 43 days. 
The number of necks to each pustule was counted and the maximum 
number of spots recorded on any one day is indicated in Table V. 
Table V 
Expulsion from Isolated Pustules 
No. of necks per pustule 
Maximum no. of spots obtained in one day. 
Percentage of active ostioles 
32 37 60 38 13 27 
17 19 12 27 12 9 
53.1 59.3 20 71 92.3 33.3 
A set of specimens similar to the above was started Feb. 15, 1913, 
and run at laboratory temperature for 41 days, except 4 pustules which 
were discontinued at the end of 22 days. The material was obtained 
at Emilie, Pa., on February 6. The same method was used as in 
the preceding test and 23 pustules were isolated. Table VI shows 
the results of this experiment. 
It may be noted that pustules with necks ranging in number from 
1-60 were used, and that activity from all ostioles was rare during 
