NOTES ON THE ANATOMY OF THE PUNCTATUS GALL 543 
arrangement and associations. Large vessels appear which do not 
occur in the wood just inside of it. Occasionally small segments of 
this layer are turned over showing that the cells which compose it are 
shorter than normal. The layer as a whole is as sharply set off from 
the wood inside as are two annual rings of growth. It looks very much 
as if there is here a suggestion of a return again to normal growth. 
It is a well known fact that after a time the cambium returns to its 
normal functions in wounded areas, after the wound is healed. 
In radial sections through galls the most of the tissue presented 
is ray tissue. Owing to the fact that so many of the fibers are bent to 
right and left tangentially, but few entire ones appear in such sections, 
as the most of them have been cut across. One often finds in the 
vicinity of larval chambers in these sections what appears to be a 
nearly true cross-section structure of wood (see lower left hand side of 
fig. 2). Such areas are made up mostly of fibers. 
Tannin bodies, similar to those which occur in the stone and other 
cells of the bark, also occur in many of the cells of the wood. These 
bodies may completely fill the lumina of the cells or only partly so. 
They are either homogeneous or granular in appearance. 
In concluding this article it seems desirable to summarize briefly 
the important facts contained in it. The presence of elongated stone 
cells in the protecting layer around the larval chambers is a fact of 
some interest as these cells occur normally in no others part of the oak 
than the bud scales, and in the reproductive parts, the last of which 
• is an important place for the retention of primitive characters. The 
presence of stone cells in the protecting layer with unequally thickened 
walls is another fact of interest, as such cells do not occur normally 
in the oak. They are usually confined in their distribution to the leaf 
galls on it. 
The following conditions in this gall can be correlated with similar 
conditions in traumatic tissue: 
1. A recapitulation of similar conditions of ray structure. 
2. A vertical shortening of the broad rays. 
3. The presence of ball-formations in the wood, which appear 
only in tangential sections. 
4. A parting of the fibers in the vicinity of the larval chambers, 
similar to the condition resulting from longitudinal wounds. 
5. Isodiametric parenchyma cells around the base of the larval 
chambers with irregularly distributed fibers and other woody elements 
among them. 
