xlv. 
tains are the sources of upwards of thirty large streams which form 
eleven good sized rivers. 
The population of the higher Pulnis consist of a mixed race 
viz. : — Kooroovers, Pooliars, Vadogars, Maravers, Chetties, and a few 
Pariahs. The Chetties arc the traders, and are found in considerable 
numbers on the hills. The other inhabitants are occupied in cultiva- 
tion, they are the dupes of the traders from the plains, from whom 
they purchase goods and occasionally borrow money at exorbitant 
interest. 
Many of the inhabitants are fine robust powerful men, but they 
have all the appearance of being a mixed race> and there is no 
distinct stamp of character such as is found amongst the Todas and 
Kotas of the NteJgherries and the Karders of the Annamullies, 
The climate of these hills appear to inc to be milder and of a 
more even temperature than that of Ootacamund, though the altitude 
of the sites of the houses at Kudaikarnal is within a few feet of that of 
the Ootacamund Lake. There is a less amount of rain fall during 
the year than on the Nselghcrrics, but it is more equally distributed. 
During my stay at Kudaikarnal I kept a register of the temperature 
with two thermometers, one placed in the open verandah and the other 
in a room without a fire, The register shows a remarkable evenness 
of temperature. 
As an instance of the salubrity of the climate, I may mention that 
although my servants were much exposed during the monsoon to the 
inclemency of the weather, yet with the exception of one case of cold 
and slight fever, they were perfectly healthy, which I know from 
experience would not have been the case at Ootacamund under 
similar circumstances. 
In 1 86 1 he went to the Shervaroy Hills to make a series of 
drawings, and the following are extracts from the report 
" The Shervaroy Hills are situated in the Salem District of the 
Madras Presidency, about six miles to the north of Salem, in 
north latitude iT 50'' and cast longitude 78^ 20". They form the 
northern boundary of the valley in which the town of Salem lies. 
Their entire length from north to south is about seventeen milen, 
