BULBULS 
Fycnonotida 
The bulbuls, of which nearly forty species occur in the 
Malay Peninsula, are essentially arboreal in habits* Many of 
them are songsters of conibiderable merit. Their powers of 
flig-ht are not particularly well developed and the feet are weak 
rather than strong in character. 
In Malaya all the species are resident, Some kinds are 
characteristic of the jijardens and open country; others are true 
inhabitants of virgin jinig"le. 
Bulbuls are not found in the New World, With a few 
exceptions the plumage is dull and not very striking. 
The list of Singapore bulbuls is rather a long one and in 
addition to the several kind^ mentioned in detail below quite 
a number of others have been recorded from the island. Cer- 
tain bright green species belony to the genus Chloropsis and 
of these the malachite-siionldered green bulbul (C, viridis 
:;ostcrops) seems to be not uncommon in the man^'rove areas. 
lole oUvacea which we may call simply the olive bulbul, is not 
uncommon but would be very difficult to identity in the field as 
it is so much like several dull species included in the genus 
Pycn(fHu{HS: suffice it to say that it has white irides and that 
from all other species it can be distinguished by the lanceolate 
feathers of the crown. The red-whiskered bulbul (Oiocomfsa 
jocQsa erythroth Bp.) can be seen in some parts of Singapore 
but has no doubt been introduced through human agency. It 
niay be mentioned that some of the birds which we here 
inchide under the PycnoiiotldtP are by some naturalists counted 
as members of the next family, a very mixed group of small 
birds known as the babblers or Titmiiiidee but the change is 
comparatively recent and we have here followed the older 
arrangement. 
[176] 
