3D 
fomi the bulk of tUe populatioo, and were recently estimated as fol* 
lows : — 
Larut, ... ... 35,000 
Kiuta, ... ... ... 4,000 
Lower Perak, inehuling B a tang 
Pudaug and Bidor, ... ... S/KX* 
Knan and Kurau, ... ... 5,000 
Xwfila Kangsar and Salak, ... 1,000 
HHfima, ... ... ... 1,000 
Total, ... 'l^ijOOO 
The Malay population of the State probably numbers at least 50,000. 
Pt'odudif.—The chief export k tin, amounting, in 1883, to $2,O(X),00O ; 
an-1 tliC abundance of this metal is the most important economic feature 
of the State at pra^ent. Tlie other exports amount top,51)O,000 (includ- 
ing: sii^^^ar S'^07,2uG) ; and the whole trade, imports and exports, is now 
(188'i) of the value of 1^10,500,000. Tticre is uo^' daily eommunication 
by trading steamers between Penang and Lf\rnt. A steamer also touches 
at Durian SabHtang on her fortnightly voyages between Singapore and 
Penang, and tiiore is a separate service between Penang and Teluk Anson. 
There is also rci^ular steam eommunication between Peiiang antl Bernani. 
Gorenimcf/L—Tlw government is carried ou under the Raja Muda, 
as Regent, aided and advised by a British Resident, and a Council con- 
datijig of the Resident and Assistant Resident^ and Kiitive Chiefs of rank 
and ifvflucnce. 
The Revenue and E.^penditurc {1883) wef^eas follows : — 
Revenue, ... ... |1, l74-;i:30 
Expenditure, ... ... 1,2-31,900 
and they eonti ast very remarkably with those of the first year of ])ro- 
teotion in 1H7(J — Revenue, |3;'213,4l J (lAnii only) : Expenditure, |i2,2Gj-i79. 
A military police force of 700 men, mainly Sikhs, is maintained to 
secure order, with half a battery of A rtillery* 
TIic Collei:toratt.*s arc at Lnnif ; at Farit Bmkir and S?fdma (for Kri- 
an) : KirAla KangHar, the seat of the Residency : T?hik Anwn (for P^rak 
river) r Bntn Gftjah (for Kinta district ) ; KirtUu Ult'm. (for the Bern am). 
Il{nf(in/,—ThQ State of Perak is among the older States of •the 
Peuinsulii, and its Iiistory was maintained with scarcely a break for 
at least Ji)0 years. It was, in the days of the Portuguese, and until the 
close of the 17tk reutury, subjcet to Aehin, but otherwise it appears to 
have maintaiuwl its imlcpcndenee throughout. It was overinin in the 
course of the Siamese troul»les in 18'3l by Kedah. The Dutch tried, 
with varying sucfO.'js, to niaintaiu a trading unmopoly of the tin for 150 
yeai's, but their attempts to obtain a footing were not successfat ; though 
it seems that when they surrendered Malacca in 1795, a small garrison 
was still kept up there. 
All European interterence witli Perak then ceased uutil 1818 ; when, 
in consequence of the cession of Malacca to the Ihitch, the Penang Gov- 
