not the bullock as iii the Northern States. Pahang belongs, in these 
respects, as in the non-doTOestication of the elephant, to the South rather 
than the North of t]ie Poinnsula. 
Frhtripal Ph(v^f(,'—T\\e cnpital of theStatc is PSkan, n few miles from 
ihe month t he Kiver r;i,ltuuf^. The other chirf places in- t[je country 
iire Chi-no, .soiiH- wuy up tiic niiiiji UivtM% IVniicrplo near tht:^ litver 
Semantun ; Ttinjong livmr uu tlie KIvlt L\\m ; and Julei, the gold-miuinf; 
centre. 
Till* inhiiul coraratuiications of the country are chieiiy by means of the 
wide-8prea(iin*^ river >#yBtom, There are no rnatla, and tlie jimgle 
tracks vi any itnportanee are eoufincil to the inland connections with 
Kelaiitan and Triiiffjianu, &v.. u way tliat crosses from Uhi Kwantan 
(by i\'riin,a "tin iilutM*) tu Uln Luet (hy Snngei Garam, a "}^old phicc), 
and unotiier from Vhi h^vii fby l*:uso, a **^oid" place) to tTlii Keratonij, 
a feeder of the River Rum pen. 
Gtiri'1'tnfff.'nf, — TIk' ji'ovennucnt of Pahang? is, practically -speakint;, 
independent and arhili'.iry. Thv State has ahvay^j looked to the South— 
formerly to Johoi", and of late yearii to Singapore — for support and 
protection, especially a^ainj^t Siam. But the Brmdaliilra, who has recently 
assumed tfie title of Sultan, alwaya exercised despotic power in his 
omx country. About the revenue of Faliauf; nothing is known, hut it is 
probahly snmll : the eouutry, for all its natural wealth, heiu«jr entirely 
uudevehipeiJ. The Bcndahilra is the chief trader, and the Chinese 
settlers are bnt few in number coni]jftred with those of Kekn tan or Johor. 
Tlio histo! y/jf Pahani^' is ohsenrc, and was ehiedy eonicrnetl in old days 
with invasions aiid threats from Siiun ujiil. it in sitid, Malacca. To a irreat 
extent, Pahant^ escaped the tmubU'H wJueh Johin- sudered, directly aud 
indirectly, through its Kuropeati ucighbourH— the Portugue.'^e and the 
Dutch. Uf late years, there h tittle to notice beyond the fact that, unlike 
the other States, it hais bi en *3:rowin|^ more instead of Icsss independent. 
The present rnlcr^ then styled \V.\s AnMi:i>, attained his position, after 
brin^ oppo-sed by tone for ;?omc ye:it\s, in 1862 : when a Treaty with 
Jolior was ujade under the aiinctiou of thi' Straits Government. By vir- 
tjie of this, in IH(JS the long-disputed boundary with Johor — at the Kiver 
Kndau— was sctileil by {he arbitral ion of the Governor. T!iere has thus 
liecn created some dependence on the part of Pahaug, and on the part 
of the Colony some obligation of protection and recognition. 
JOHOR. 
Johor [Jehcrit which eom prices JLuar dincc 1877| incbirlcs the whole 
of theaonthern end of the Malay Peninsula, stretching from latitude 2*^''A3' 
South to Cape Pw<unania [Ilnm^ffiW}, and including the small inlands that • 
lie along the coast to the ^^outh of tl^ 40', It is surrounded on three 
sides by tiie sea j on the fourth side its boundaries are !Sialacca, J^hol 
and the Kiver End an. 
Extent, lV'*. — The area of Jolior mu'^t bn nearly 9,or>0 square miles, 
nntl ith jjopulation is about lUiJ.UiJiJ, thus giving about U to tiie square 
nulc, The population is almost conlined to the districts lying near 
