66 
known by various names, as the Kelingkang or Bayang-Miut, 
Madi, Anga-Anga Mountains ; and its culminating summit 
is Kina Balu. The second and more southerly chain is known 
as the Kaminting Mountains- A third and fourth are known 
as the Mer^tu and Sakiiru Mountains, respectively. These 
chains all culminate towards the North-East, reaching about 
6,000 feet high in that direction, and about 2,000 feet on 
the western side. 
Volcanoes. — Unlike most of the larger islands of the Archi- 
pelago, and in remarkable contrast with Java, Borneo possesses 
no active volcano. Its southern and western shores lie over 200 
miles from the nearest point of the great volcanic chain. 
Many of the peaks, however, bear distinct evidence of former 
activity, in what appear to have been regular craters. 
The prevailing rocks are limestone, slate, sand-stone con- 
glomerates, and on the mountain tops syenitic granite. It 
is in the caves of the limestone hills that the edible birds* 
nests are found. 
Rivers, — The three largest rivers in Borneo are, as has beei) 
stated, those which fall into the Java Sea : the Kapuas, the 
river of Ponti^nak, which, rising in 114*^ East longitude, falls 
into the sea between Mempawa and Sukadina ; and the Barito 
or Banjer-Masin river, which rises in the K6tei-Lama lake, and 
reaches ihe sea at 114° East longitude, in the centre of the 
South coast and almost opposite to Sourabaya in Java. Next 
comes the KCttei or Mahakkan, v;hich rises in Mount Lasan 
Tula, flows East with a rapid course, and falls by numerous 
mouths into the Straits of Macassar. Among the larger 
rivers on the northern side, may be named the BAtang-Lupar 
to the East of Sarawak j the Seribas, the Rejang, a little further 
