35 
PEOTECTED STATES. 
The Protected Native States make the British admiBistration of the 
West Coast complete from Peoang to Malaccaj and comprise PSrak, 
Scl&ngor, and Sungei XTjong, Their order uf importance is ia accordance 
with the order in which they stand. 
Tlie State of Perak lies nest to KEdah and Province Wellesley, 
on the West coast of the Peniasula. The State is situated between the 
parallels of 5^ 10' and 3^ 45' North latftiide, and 100^ 22' to 102^ East 
longitude ; tic greates^t length being in a North aud South direction, and 
amounting to nearly 1 00 miles ; thc^ breadth from tlie coast to the Eaat 
is still nut'ertain, but is probably somewhat less. 
Perak is boundctl on the North by Province WcUesley (Trans- Krian 
district) from Sungei l^akau on the coast to Parit Buiitar, From that 
point the bonndary runs to the soureo of the Erian River, in the Gtiuong 
Inas range, the bonndary between Kalah and Perak being the Krian River, 
The most northerly point at which KtMah and Purak touch is popularly said 
to be a swamp or lake, called Tast^'k. some miles East of J^aling. Between 
this point ami the source of the Knan, the l aisgc of mountains which forma 
the water-shed of the Perak river is tlie western boundary of Perak. 
From" Tast'k eustward; Perak is bonoded on the North and East by the 
*^ Patjtni ^' States of Jalo and Reman, but the exact course of the boundary 
line is undetermined, and is at present the subject of negotiations with 
Siara. 
From Sungei Bakan to Sungei Bernam,** Perak is bounded by the 
sea. On the East, the line of the inner range of mountains, which is the 
water-shed of the Plus, Kinta and Earapar, BAtang Padaug and Bidor, 
with the other ti'ibutarics of tlie Perak river, forms the eastern boundary 
of Perak :is f^:ir us the sources of the river fSlim, On the South, Perak is 
boimded by the river Bcrnam. 
For eomraereial purposes, the State of Perak has the advantage of 
lying only a short distance to the Sonth-East of Penang, which is at pre- 
sent its chief port of shipment, atid with which daily steam comnmnication 
is maiiiluined. 
Extenh Sfc, — The area of the State, including the whole of the PC'rak 
valley, approaclies 8,(X)0 square miles. Mr. Beane, who was employed 
on a survey in 1879, e^timnted it to be a])proxiraatcly 7,9fX) statute 
miles {exclusive of the disputed area beyond Bukit Naksa), Of this, he 
computed that about 2,(KJ0 square miles were oecujjieil by hills from 
1,500 to 8,000 feet high. 
The surface is thus almost equally divided between hill aud plain. 
The principal mountains are the Titi Wangsa and Gunong Hijau (LArut) 
chains. Gunong Biibii, and the inland ranges of which Gunong Bcsar, 
Mount Robinson, and Mount Tengah (or Tangga) are respectively the 
centra] peaks. In these mountains rise the Uiver Plus, the Kinta and 
