28 
" commerce in the States of Tnngg^fmu and Kulantan. Engllsli mcr- 
" cliants ant! subjects shall have trade and intcreourHO in future, with 
" the same facilitv and freedom as they have hei'etofore had j and the 
" English shall not go and molest, attack and disturb those States npon 
any pretence whatever/' What little trade and intercourse now exist 
have pa*8cd from the handv*^ of English merchants to those of Chinese 
and Native traders. 
TIIINGGANU. 
Tringgiinu is situated ai iht? widi:st part of the Peninsula, between 
5"^ 40' and 4*^ -35' North, and has an urea of under 4,()rK) niiles, with a 
population of about 'iOjOOO. Tringgliuu lias, for some tinie past, ineludcfl 
K5ml\manj which lies along the roast of the Gulf of Siam to the South 
of Triug^anu. Its coast line extends along the Gn1f of Siani for 80 
miles, and is bounded on the South und West by the priueipuiity of Pa- 
hang, and on the North and North-East by that of Keiantau. The River 
Bestit ifi its boundary with Keiantau, and the lliver Ghenlting witii Pahang. 
To the interior, the high ranges forming the Knst boundary oF 
Pahung form a natural frontier, but the boundary h believed to be 
otherwise quite uudetincd. Of its area, uotliing certain is known x nearly 
the whole country is one continuous jungicj with Icssdeve!apnKMit,cit!ier of 
it^s niinerals or itscommercej than perhaps any other of the Malay States. 
The inhabitants consist abuost entirely of Malays and some wild tribes, 
with a very few Chinese, wh i ciirry on the little that is now done in the way 
of trade or miniug. The total pnpulahon of the State wris enmputcd at 
;J7,50t) in l8o.'J. Of this number, the town of Tringganu, sitiiatcd in 
the northern part of the State, near the mouth of a m\i very hirge river, 
latitude 5** 25' Nortli, lougifende 103^ East, was then estimated to contain 
from 15,0(K) to 20jO00 inhabitants, or more than half of the population 
of the State. A moat destructive fire took place in August, 1883, wliich 
is said to have destroyed nearly 2,00:t habitations. The town ha** been 
much deserted since/ and the populatitju of the whole country has, it is 
believed, declined considerably, and does not exieed 20,0:)0 at the 
present time, many having been attracted away to Kelantan. The 
place is but little" vistted, and the small quantity of gold and tin 
prodnced come, it is said, from the Pahang mountains, which are not so 
far removed from tiie etmst at this point. This State is claimed as one of 
the hereditary tributaries of Siam, but has always resisted, as far as it 
was able to. the assumed supremacy of the Siamese, the population being 
ahnost entirely Mahmncdan and Malayan. A "gold flower'* is scut pcrio- 
diealiy to Bangkok, through Senggorii, in token of its nominal depend- 
em?e. 
Kmndmmi (River and District) was. accordiug to Malay tradition, for- 
merly a province of Paiiang, and, on this ground, still considers itself freo 
from even nominal allegiance to Slam. This recognition is, however, ad- 
mitted by Tringgann, with wliieh country Kcrutlman seems to be now poli- 
tically incoi*porated. It is a place of no importance, lying midway between 
* 
