27 
Jatioii. It id in a prosperous condition^ surpassing in population all the 
Native States on the East coast, and in natural resources and miueral 
wealth vying with Palian^. 
It is Ijoiiudcd to the South by Tringf^dnuj the Xliver Besftt 
separating thera. It has the States of "Reman, P^rak and Pahang to the 
West, the t'astcrn ridge of the peninsular chain being considered the 
houndarv. The interior is believed to have a great extent of open coun- 
try, travcri^{d by the lon«^ hut shallow Biver Kelantan and its trihntaries, 
which, like the llivcr Patini, flow North. Here there is grown an im- 
mense quantity of riee, some of which is exported, to Singapore : a^ also 
cattle^ whifh are kept in great herds. 
'riio town of Kelautan is situated near the rivei-'s mouth antl is a 
large and tlourishing settlement with considerable trade. Its population 
in said to be over 20,000; and that of Ihr whole State is estimatL^d by 
the Natives at 000,000, and on good authority as liigli as 2{X)/J()(). As 
far as can be known without a ccusus, it must eousiderably exceed 
100,000. This indicates some recent development of the Slate ; for in 
1850, Mr, Crawford thought the estimate of 50,000 inhabitants an 
" exaggeration," though even then the population was called " large/" 
Its mi ucral resources comprise tin and gold. Even so far back as 1837 
it \rm stated that ;i,000 pikuls of tin were ex [mrtcd annually, and that Ke- 
lautan gold, next to that of Pahang, was the most celebrated among Malays, 
Lead is also supposed to exist. Much pepper and other articles of export 
are also cultivated here by the Cliincsc, and a good deal of jungle 
procliu'C U collected. The principal trade ir with Singapore, imd is mainly 
conducted by the Cliincse during the South- West monsoon. 
Kciantan is known to have existed as an integral State at the close 
of the liith century and before the arrival of ^le Portuguese; and in the 
Malay Annals it is specially stated that during the time of Maiimud 1[, 
of Malacra, a, n. 1477, Kelantau was a king(loni " more powerful than 
that of Patau i.'' Like Tringgiinu, Kcdah and Patani, it has, from time 
immemorial, been harassed by the liemauds of Siam ; and, according to 
the oliieial statement of ilr. Andehsok, Political Agent in 1825, repeatedly 
solicited, in the early days of Penang, the protection of the British Gov- 
ernment and the establishment of an English factory, offering vci*y con- 
siderable julvantages. It haa never submitted to Siam further than that, 
although practically under its own Malay Raja, it has made a customary 
acknowledgment of dependence by periodically sending to Bangkok a 
tributary token called '* the gohl flower.'^ 
In the chief of Patfiui, upon the invasion of his country by 
Siam, Hed to Kelantan, but was delivered up to the Siamese Prakiang^ 
who repeatedly ordered the Kaja of Kelantan into his presence. With 
these mandates the Malay chief did not deem it prudent to comply, but 
was eventually compelled, it is said, to propitiate his f<ie, by a large 
present of specie and gold dust. New^iold pointed out at the time that 
this was a violation of the 12th Article of ifajor Burney^s Treaty of 
1826, which stipulates that " Siam shall not go and obstruct or interrupt 
