IS 
forMoar j and subsequently Pau \misoka tratisfeiTpd hiscolonv to Afalaccn. 
The Kinir of Siam's mterference was common then. In 1502^ only seven 
years before the Portuguese arrived, lie attacked the Emg of Malacca 
with a fleet of 300 sail'^, aboard of which were 6,000 soldif!rs, under tlie 
.conduct of the- Governor of Llf^or ; but the fluet was snattcrcd by a s^torm. 
In the fifteenth eenttiry, a large proportion of the Peninsu<a, pro- 
bably all ontside the doniiiiions of Johor and ilalacea, was, more or 
less, under the Sianic!*e sovereigns ; but since that time. Shim has had its 
own troubles : nnd the Peninf^ula has been mostly divided into the petty 
States already enumerated, tbe hietorieal details of which hfive little intorost. 
The English bcgran to trade E^ysterriatifally with Malaya in 1(J02, 
during' Qneen Ki.izATJiyrn's reign. They bad long b«^en precedetl by tlic 
Portuguese, who seriled in Malacesi and elsewhere from 1510 to 1 (>(!() : 
after whieh the Dutch in Bantam began to take an ajigressive course^aiul 
Tiritbin a few year5t, all the I'ortugucse possej^siions fell into their Jiamls : 
inebiding Mnlaeca nnd tire kind of soverri*cu1y over Hie Peninsula whiidi 
in those days it enjoyed, 'fhe Dutch hnd factories in Pcrak, Pangknr and 
Kedah, fur the tin traile. These were never lon<r maiulained. and gave no 
political control, and fVfun H'Ail to 181H, Peiiik, nt any rate, remained 
independent. In that year it wa.n overrun by the Siamese, but Jbe Penang 
Governujcnt inlcrvened, *nul the Siamese withdrew in lf^21-. They buvc 
since couMnittcd no aggresnions on the Wewt coast of the Penin:iula Sotitli 
of Province; Wcllcsley* tlujugh to tl*e North and Eust id' that Proviiice, 
their iMVusions continued till 1882. 
Oaptuin LnJiiT's oecujmtiou and settlement of Penang in 178r> lorins 
the first iKjlitie^il eoiiiwction bt^twecri the British East India fJompany 
and the Mahiy Peninsula. Pcnung was completely successful as a trading 
and shippinji station, the' population increaeiog during tlie iirst :U) years 
almo'itas nt])idly as uftcrwaitls in ;^ing;q?ore, 
'i'he <jccupation of Malacca in 179"> was undertaken on military 
groutids, in puif?nancc of Peri's policy throughout the great war oT at- 
tacking France tlirougli her allies and dopcndencicH. 
The foundation of Singa])orf in iHlO was the natural corollary of 
the great stroke by which in isl^l. " private trade*' had been thrown 
open and nionop(dy abolishcil througlumt AInlaya, during Sir %Stamfokiv 
Bajtlks's (Tovcniment of Java. The new Settlement, of whieh the imme- 
diate and uninterrupted prttspcrity has born the best testimony to tbe 
merit:* of that bohl policy, soon became the capital of the three British 
possessions in the Pcniusnla. These were formed into a Colony inde- 
pendent ot' Indisf in 1^07^ with the nut very happy desiguiition of the 
' ' Strait I* Se tt lenient s.'- 
In the Colony, having already much developed since its 
transfer from India , \vst« thought liy Gtnernor Sir A. ('lakk strong 
enough to lake under its protection and admini-stratlve resiionsibility the 
Wesicrn Stulci* of the Peninsula, whi -h were always in trouble: whereas 
Jghor, being ulreudy so bound up with Singapore, was in a very diiierent 
position. These other three littoral States— Perak, Sci:\ngoraiid Snngei 
IJjoDg'havc, — for the hist eight years, and aft-er the brief military occupa- 
tion of lS7t>, been in most respects more like nn orderly and prosperous 
