88 
wfiH GstulliBheJ in 1650, w/w cut off in 1051, and iu 1001 fmally almmloncd. 
until lliG J3uteli, during the latter years of their rule at Malacca, re-opened it. 
That of Junk Ceylon was out of? in 1653, and that of KCdah was soon 
ahandonerJ. ] 
After 101.3 the Bntisk trade with Malaya tnay be considered established; 
nnd the iiractJrc of pilhiifirif^ other traders was, for the mnst part, dis- 
conlinnefl, here as elsewhere; hut (lurin*^ the whole of thi^ lirst period 
(157S-l(;si), onrti-nding in Malaya, unlike tliat of the Dutch and Portuguese, 
and of our own cotintrytnen in India, consisted in threat part of individual enter- 
prises of a non-politiral character. The^e enterprises wore almost wholly 
concerned with the pepper tnide iu Bantam, and the spice trade in Banda, 
Amhojna, Ternate and Tirlore. These were the local namea then most familiar 
in England, atid are to l>e found in Milton's " Paradise Lo«t," in Dryden, Ac. 
There were ftliio "private" ventures to other places on the coast of Suma- 
tra for pepper, and to the northern parta «f the Peninsula for tin and pep- 
per. The Ln!,'lifih K 1. Compau}', th<ui£^h it did not promote them, and before 
long beyan to oppose them, an " iuterloperH," took advantage of these enter- 
prieea in ftonie cMisee ; but after the ''Presidency " pmed to Madras, our poli- 
tical statuK in these parts was inferior to that i^f the older settlerg— the 
Portu^juese, f^pauiarda, and D ntch. W hen our Conipany'H traders were admitted, 
as at Bant:imand Amhoyna« into a kind of alliance with the U ntch, it was always 
liumiliatinji;, even iiefore the hitter hecanu' paruiuounl throiiijh the capture of 
Malacca by the allied Dutch and Achiiiese (ItJllJ. After that event, the 
Dutch su[>reniacy was. of course, jiiore excliisi^re. Xo satisfaction could he 
obtained, either before or after iLlll, tur the Massacre of Amboyna" (1C23), 
though the story excited some indignation in England for many years. 
The next period (l(»S t-17GJiJ is one of mixed commercial and political inter- 1G84. 
course, promoted, and, <us far as poa.-^ible, monopolised, by the East India 
Company, — commerce heiu^' still lirnt and ftn-emost in the consideration of all, 
Inith at home and abni.id, 
"I'lic loufT Xaviii Wara witli the Dutch, which terminated in 1074, were look- 
ed upon with little T^atislaction in Enj^Iand : but they umloubtedly mark the 
he<^iimiiij^ of an imjirtncd position for onr Compatjy's merchants in Malaya. 
The Uulch no longer succeeded when tfiey tried against them at Bantam 
(H)S:l) tlie same sort of opposition which liad been *o successful at Amboyna, 
Our Ui'Tehants did not. cju heiiiy; expelled from the former, yield up the 
pe]i}U'r.trad'v as thoy hail been ocstcil iVoai the dove-trade j on the contmry, 
the Eiist Lndia ("imipany'm GnrtTument at IMadras took t!ie first opportunity to 
estabiiHli new forth ajid factories in Tndrapore and Fort York at 
Bencuolcn (l(i>5). The former Settlcuient did not Ion*; continue, but that 
ii) Bencoolen wa.s afterwards slreuL;theiied and secured by a stronger Fort, 
named after the great Maulbuuocgu (L714-);and BeJicoolen may thus be 
considered to be the genu of all our subseqiteat growth in these parts. 
Other experimental establishments were also made at Achin (IGCGand 1G95), 
J;ujibi, l upiiiuili, Natal (17o2), Moeo-Meco, Ax., but none of them proved 
peruiarient. After the estnblislmient of Fort York in 16S0 all the Sumatran 
Settlements were made f^ubordinalo to Bcncooh-n. 
1 he httest ef the tliree divisions, into which our History falls, comprising 1762, 
the period since l7tiLi. is chieHy couiposed of political and military proceedings, 
commencing with the Bengal Government's expedition against Manila (1762), 
and continuing down to the present time. 
