84 
The result of that ejcpediHon was that the Spanish nossessioTift were captured 
without difficulty, but were restored at the Peace oi Paris (1703), when our 
poBBesBiODB in Sumatra were alao Becured to us. 
The only token of success retfliued by the Enf^lisli wns the island of Balam- 
bangarij which waa ceded hy the Sultan of Sulu in prntiiucie for his rfjleaso from 
Spanish captivity on the tikiug of Manila. This islaiid lies off Mariidu Bay 
in Korth Borneo, and is interesting as heing, together with Liihunn, whi{'h was 
then occupied for a etill shorter period, our first ac-quisition of territory in 
Bornean waters. It waa cut off by Launn Pirates in l/TJ-, and after being 
re-eetabltshed for a few weeks by L')rd Wiillesi.et in ISOi, was finally aban- 
doned as unhealthy the same year : the fleet that took the Kesidetit FiaQUOAR 
there, bringing him away again. 
The mowt important result wns the familiarit«ing of the Bengal merchants with 
this pari of the world, couseijucut on the Manila expedition, and on the ue'i'fjtia- 
tions that followed at the Peace ; arid after iht? Trt-atv of 1763, Fort Marl- 
borough (Bencoolen) was formed into an iudepcmlent Presidency, which 
arrangement tasted till IHOI, In 17Sl, Padnng and the other .Sumatrau tlt'ttle- 
Eients of the Dutch, with whom England had gone to war upon their 
reeognition of American ludepfudence, were seized by a military expctlition from 
Bencoolen, This British n?:eendancy in the northern part oF Maluyu foMered 
the enterprises Captain LHaix h;i<l Iror some time been ^■a^^y^n:^ utv at tlie time 
the settlement on Pulan Pinang was first projected ( 17Nt45 ). That political 
motives and objects were not wanting is clear from tise Trenty witii Ki"dah. 
and the correspondence ih;it preceded it. and particniarly from the intcrcMt 
WARTtEK Hastijvus tfudi in Penfing'« fonndation. The -Settlement was made 
in 178t> by friendly cession and payment. In l/lKi it bei-ame the Penal 
Station for Bengal, in place of Port' Blair. In a wecond expedition 
against Manila waa fitted out from Madras by Sir J. Huo he, under the com- 
mand of Colonel Wrllkslet. It was recalled bef<fre it left Penang. A full 
account of the island at that time, written by its Commander to bis brother, 
who had become Governor-General, is to be fonnd in "The Wellington Dw- 
patchea" (Supplementary Despatches, Vol. I., p. 2'>}, 
The history of this latest period oF the Briti^h connection with Malaya 
is, in fact, speaking generally, the history of enttrpnsed iii which the tiovern. 
ment, actuated by political considerations, has taken the lead in promoting 
British progress in these regions. There are certainly two recent exceptions 
to be made, in Borneo^ of enterprises which bear somi thing of the earlier 
private character, viz.: — Mr. Brooke's action in Sarawak (lS40-(>). and 
Mr. Dext's more recent enler]>r;so in Sabah (1880) But the general 
character of the period is set ii in the two Miailla expeditione — tlie succewsful 
one of 17(52, and the abortive one *«f 1797; in the oi-enpatioit, and subsequent 
recapture of Balambangan (1775-lSUlO : in the foundation of Penaug (l/tSU), 
after some years of negotiatittn both in Bengal and Kedah ; ii3 the i^larine 
Surveys of McCLtEE and IJ.vyks (l790-f):J) during the peace, and in the 
seizure of THalacca and of the Moluccas, as soon m the great War began 
{17954801) ; and again of Java, A'c. in the later sta«;etj of our atrugs^lo witli 
Napoleon (IBll-U); in the foundation and support of E^ingaporo (L;>L9): 
and in the protection (since withdrawn) a Horded lo Acltin (ISIU), and tho 
States of the Malay Peninsubi. with winch Treaties hfive from lime tu time 
been entered into, particularly during that unsettled pt^riod (1.118-21:/. 
There are three principal dates in thid interval : — isUo, 1^27, and lbij7. 
The first ofthene brings to a close the i)eriod in Waich no regular English 
adminifltr&tioE had been organised in Penaug : afiiairs were managed by com- 
